Monday, September 30, 2019

Biography and Artwork of Guy Harvey Essay

Guy Harvey was born in Lippspring Germany on September 16 1955. Guy Harvey is a 10th generation Jamaican as his family of German heritage immigrated there in 1664. Guy Harvey grew up next to the islands of Jamaica where there he spent most of his time diving and fishing of the islands southern coast. Guy soon fell in love and was fascinated by all types of fish and sea creatures. He then felt it necessary to re create all of these scenes in art so he began to draw a lot of marine life. Guy’s natural gift to recreate the underwater realm has propelled him from Professor of Marine Biology to a Wildlife Artist and Photographer. Guy initially opted for a scientific education, earning high honors in Marine Biology at Aberdeen University in Scotland in 1977. He continued his formal training at the University of West Indies, where he obtained a Doctorate in Fisheries Management. In 1985 guy began to recreate the novel â€Å"The Old Man and The Sea† by Ernest Hemingway into a b eautiful series of 44 pieces with pen and ink drawings. Guy enterered this artwork into museums in Jamaica. Guy received numerous awards and compliments on his pieces so by 1986 Guy went pro and then began providing artwork for merchandise such as apparel. Guy then became more involved with underwater photography where he traveled the world and became perfected the art of photographing free swimming billfish. Guy Harvey also became involved with scuba diving. Being underwater and on top of it enable guy to really get a better understanding of fish and marine life which makes his artwork that much more better and realistic. The Jamaica Committee presented Guy Harvey the Award of Excellence for his hands-on commitment to marine sciences, his inspired promotion of the protection of the marine environment and his philanthropy. The second is the Vasco Nunez de Balboa Grand Cross- the highest honor the country of Panama bestows on a non-Panamanian. Guy Harvey was presented this award for his work to preserve and publicize Panama’s marine resources. Lastly, the International Swimming Hall of Fame Gold Medallion Award. Presented each year to a former competitive swimmer for his or her national or international significant achievements in the field of science, entertainment, art, business, education, or government. Guy has also written numerous books toward the conservation of fish and other marine species as well as the biology aspects of his work. Guy Harvey is not only a full time artist, buy Guy is a huge conservationist. Guy has created organizations such as the Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation to help ensure conservation with marine organisms. Guy donates thousands of dollars to other organizations as well to make sure that we have life filled ocean in another one hundred years. References http://www.guyharvey.com/Biography http://www.natureartists.com http://www.depaulas.com

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Hamlet vs. Beowulf Essay

How do the protagonists from Beowulf and Hamlet compare? Though both play a major role in an epic story, they share a few common viewpoints. The outcome of both stories is greatly influenced by the main character’s struggles in life. The situations that occur throughout these stories also impact the narratives. In addition, the various characters in each work influence the protagonists’ choices and lives. Each is involved in themes which can easily relate to those of modern day society, although Beowulf and Hamlet live in completely different times. Beowulf is the ideal warrior; he is a strong, fearless fighter and a fantastic leader who goes to immutable extremes to protect his people. When his country is threatened by what is thought to be an undefeatable beast named Grendel, Beowulf does the impossible and slays the monster. Hamlet, on the other hand, is not a leader like Beowulf whatsoever. Hamlet is not even a king or recognized as a leader. Hamlet’s father was murdered, and afterwards he simply wants to go back to school to learn. It is not until much thought and preparation that he makes it his mission to have his father’s revenge. If Beowulf was placed in the same situation, he would have instantly killed the man responsible for the murder. From the beginning of this epic poem, Beowulf is not loved as a child and is told he will never be a leader, thus giving him the motivation to become one of the greatest warriors ever. His only fear is failure, in battle and as a leader. He takes on such a large role as a warrior that his fellow countrymen do not see the need to ever prepare to fight because Beowulf is all the warrior they need. This ultimately results in much pain and struggle when Beowulf finds himself in need of assistance. Hamlet is as much of an introvert as Beowulf is an extrovert. Hamlet prefers to study instead of fight and learn over battle. Hamlet’s parents love him, but his mother is a shallow woman who marries his uncle solely to remain in a place of power. Horatio and Hamlet hold an odd relationship- Horatio is Hamlet’s servant, yet he is a close friend of Hamlet’s. There are many major events in both of these narratives, but one in each stands out. In Beowulf, at the beginning of the novel he is crowned king and viewed as the leader of all. This is a major event because it puts Beowulf in a position of undivided power which seems to eventually go to his head. Though he is an incredible leader, he believes that he does not and never will need any assistance, which ends up being fatal. In his final moments, Beowulf exclaims â€Å"To the everlasting Lord of All, to the King of Glory, I give thanks that I behold this treasure here in front of me, that I have been allowed to leave my people so well endowed on the day I die† (Beowulf, page 189). A major turning point in Hamlet is the scene where Hamlet speaks with his father’s ghost. Up until this point in the play, Hamlet seems at ease with his father’s death, but after he converses with the ghost he becomes ridden with revenge. This climax turns the entire context of the play from Hamlet wishing to attend school to Hamlet seeking revenge on his uncle which, similarly to Beowulf, leads to his death. Beowulf’s character is rather elaborate. At the beginning of the book, it is said â€Å"a boy-child was born to Shield, a cub in the yard, a comfort sent by God to the nation† (Beowulf, page 3). From the beginning, Beowulf is made out to be an undefeatable hero who will stop at nothing to protect his people from danger. It is easy to relate to Beowulf in the sense that he will always rise to people’s expectations and continue to exceed them, as supported by the text â€Å"then Halfdane’s son presented Beowulf with a gold standard as a victory gift†¦with customary grace bestowed upon Beowulf both sets of gifts† (Beowulf, page 69). But it eventually comes to a point where he simply cannot meet the expectations and is left dumbfounded. As Grendel’s mother returns to take her son’s claw, she is frightened as â€Å"The hell-dam was in panic, desperate to get out, in mortal terror the moment she was found, she had pounced and taken one of the retainers in a tight hold, then headed for the fen† (Beowulf, page 91). Even though the monster is scared and running away, Beowulf, simply out of pride, follows her to her home to battle. Hamlet has no leadership desire at the beginning of the play. He simply wants to study and learn while his dad rules the country. Then Claudius, his uncle, murders his dad and after an encounter with his father’s ghost, Hamlet’s personality changes; he becomes obsessed with restitution. This makes sense because anger is one of the strongest human emotions. It is an axiomatic emotion, referred to as â€Å"one of the seven deadly sins.† For Hamlet, this becomes a reality as getting revenge ultimately leads to his own death. A very popular quote, â€Å"More than kin, less than kind† (Hamlet, page 3) was originated in Hamlet when he mumbled it to his uncle, who becomes his stepfather. Beowulf and Hamlet, though composed by different authors and written in different forms, have struggles which parallel many in the world today. Both of the heroes are affected by emotions, the people around them, and the events that occur throughout each work. Beowulf lives in a very violent society where heinous violence is the norm; this compares to certain parts of the world today, such as the Mideast. He also exemplifies the good in good versus evil which most of the modern world still deals with today. Beowulf fought against monsters whereas people today fight against disease and terrorism. Hamlet’s obsession with revenge is not different from many living today. Although Christians are meant to forgive their neighbors, many find this difficult. We are supposed to learn from history, however, the past seems to repeat itself more often than not. Even though Hamlet and Beowulf live in different eras, their battles with violence, good versus evil, and revenge still hold true today.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Altria’s Contingent Liabilities

Altria Group is the parent of Philip Morris USA Inc. and John Middleton, Inc. , which produces and sell cigarettes and other tobacco products. Altria also owns Philip Morris Capital Corp, which maintains a portfolio of finance leases. On March 30, 2007, Altria Group distributed all of its remaining interest in Kraft Foods Inc. to its stockholders. It also completed the spin-off of its subsidiary Philip Morris International Inc. As of Dec. 31, Altria declared $57,211,000,000 in total assets, and debts of $38,657,000,000. A mounts owed by Altria's consumer products units total $33,054,000,000, with $17,782,000,000 constituting as current debts. Accordign to its balance sheet, Altria's liabilities include short-term borrowings; accrued liabilities for marketing, taxes, employment costs, and settlement charges; dividends payable, accrued pension and healthcare costs, and long-term debt. It is Altria's obligation to report all liabilities in its balance sheet in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U. S. GAAP). For example, if Philip Morris obtains a EUR1. 5 billion, 364-day term loan, expiring Dec. 2, 2008, from Bank of America, it is expected to list in its balance sheet that it has debts of EUR1. 5 billion on account of the term loan. If Bank of America asserts that an additional EUR500 million is due on the term loan due to Philip Morris' violations of its covenant that Philip Morris should limit allowed debt expenditures, but Phillip Morris disputes the claim, Philip Morris need not include BofA's claim in its balance sheet. BofA's claim will still be subject to arbitration or litigation, and courts may rule in favour of Philip Morris. Hence, Altria does not disclose these types of events in its balance sheet. Altria, however, has fiduciary duties to disclose to shareholders all potential liabilities that may become actual liabilities in the future. These include liabilities that are contingent, disputed or un-liquidated. For Atria's case, some of these liabilities will likely include pending lawsuits filed against the company. Pending lawsuits are subject to trial, may be sent to appeal after a ruling is served, may result to settlement between parties, may end up being dismissed, or may end up with monetary judgment, either substantial sums or de minimis amounts, against the defendant. Because of the varied possible outcomes, Atria maybe unable to provide reasonable estimates on the debts they may incur as a result of these lawsuits. Regardless, shareholders have to be aware of the potential losses they may incur as a result of these contingencies. Investors also have to be aware of potential risks the company is facing. Hence, contingencies and other   potential liabilities are listed as footnotes to financial statements. In its Annual Report, Altria discussed contingencies to its financial statements. It stated that legal proceedings are pending or threatened in various U. S. and foreign jurisdictions against Altria and its subsidiaries on account of tobacco-related issues. However, it admitted that its management is unable to estimate the possible loss that could arise from an unfavorable outcome of any of these cases. Accordingly, Altria has not provided any amounts in its financial statements for unfavourable outcomes of pending litigations. For tobacco-related lawsuits that have been resolved through settlements, Altria included these items in its balance sheet because its liabilities on account of those disputes have already been determined. For example, Altria has stated settlement payments it owes on account of the Master Settlement Agreement reached by PM USA with 46 states and other governments for health care cost recovery and other claims. REFERENCES â€Å"2007 Annual Report. † Altria Group, Inc. http://www. altria. com/download/pdf/investors_AltriaGroupInc_2007_AnnualRpt. pdf

Friday, September 27, 2019

Conrad Black trial Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conrad Black trial - Assignment Example ted that was initiated by his company’s shareholders and was later sentenced for a period of over six years for conducting fraudulent and justice obstruction. Jack Boultbee held the position of CFO (Chief Financial Officer) with the newspaper publish company named Hollinger and was trustworthy companion of Conrad Black and remained with him for over a period of 20 years. He even owned 0.68% of the shares of the Hollinger organization and was one of the convicted members of the Conrad Black trial which was started by the shareholders of the company. He was asked to leave the company but he never accepted to leave his position and later he was fired during the period of 2003. In the Conrad Trial, his lawyers never accepted the charges that were levied against him. Peter Atkinson is recognized for being a general counsel with the newspaper publishing company named Hollinger and had the responsibility of keeping a check on the legal affairs of the organization. He was born and brought up in a small town in the region of North Toronto and started his career as a worker with a factory along with a grocery store and later he financed himself to complete his law education. He became a part of the Hollinger organization during 1996 after providing legal services at a Canada based law organization for over a period of twenty years. In the Conrad trial he was held responsible for assisting his bosses of Hollinger in committing fraud. Mark Kipnis is recognized for being an in-house lawyer of the Hollinger firm and had the responsibility of signing documents that were detailed in nature and he even signed several of the deals that ended up being controversial and litigated. He was not held responsible for sharing the profits that the organization earned through their illegal activity but was held responsible for accepting a bonus of $150,000 to keep his mouth shut for the illegal activities (CBC News 1). He is a married man and has four children to his name. His lawyers

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Vodafone's sale of ownership of joint venture to Verizon Essay

Vodafone's sale of ownership of joint venture to Verizon - Essay Example It began its operations on April 4rd 2000. The birth of Verizon Wireless followed two years of spirited negotiations in the wake of a competitive marketplace and received regulatory approval within six months. It began trading on the New York Securities exchange on July 3rd 2000 and its shares were traded on the NASDAQ exchange on March 2010 (British Invisibles 2009, pg. 18). Under the partnership, Verizon Communication was to hold 55 per cent of the shares under its subsidiaries GTE Wireless Inc. 30.8% and Atlantic Mobile Systems LLC 24.2%. Vodafone would hold the remaining shares under its subsidiaries PCS Nucleus, L. P holding 6.2% and JV PartnerCo, LLC holding the remaining 38.8%. Verizon wireless went on an expansion spree, acquiring Virginia Wireless by the end of 2006 and Rural Cellular Corporation (Unicel) in July 30th 2007. More mergers were to follow with the acquisition of Ramcell in mid-2007 and Surewest communications on June 5th 2008 and by November 2008, Verizon wirele ss had consolidated its place as the largest wireless carrier in the United States. Its shares had also risen significantly. More success was achieved on May 8th 2009 when AT&T announced that it would be selling five Centennial Wireless service areas to Verizon wireless (Goldberg 2013, pg. 19). The successful buy out in 2013 that is expected to be completed in 2014 was preceded by many failed attempts to reach an agreement to sell Verizon wireless or to merge the two companies. In 2004, Vodafone consented to selling its stake in Verizon wireless to Verizon Communications if it acquired AT&T Wireless. However, this was not to be as Vodafone failed in its bid. The issue came up once again in a conference in Barcelona in 2009. Apparently disturbed by Vodafone’s lack of control over Verizon Wireless, Vodafone Managing Director, Colao stated that he would view the options of merging with Verizon Communications or selling Vodafone’s stake in Verizon wireless as a means of so lving the issue (UK Trade & Investment 2009, pg. 33). Although the partnership between Vodafone and Verizon Communications was characterized by much success and rapid expansion to become the most profitable carrier in the United States, the relationship between the partners was a stormy one with each unsuccessfully attempting to buy out the other. Bickering characterized the shaky relationship as the struggle to control the direction of the carrier took center-stage. Verizon felt that the partnership was preventing its independent operations and marketing strategies especially in areas where Vodafone operated. Many analysts concurred that Vodafone was benefiting more from the partnership in the wake of poor performance in the European and American market. With the two partners providing similar services to the same target market, each of them saw the need to operate independently and make strategic investment and marketing decisions independently. Verizon was also opposed to the ide a of paying dividends to Vodafone shareholders at a time when Vodafone was not paying dividends to its shareholders. Vodafone’s sale of ownership of joint venture to Verizon in cash and shares was one of the biggest in corporate history. Under the sale agreement, Vodafone received $130 billion in cash and stock from Verizon Communications in exchange for its 45% stake in Verizon

Current State of the Indian Economy Research Paper

Current State of the Indian Economy - Research Paper Example The country focused on fulfilling the local demand and through the process was able to recover from the economic crises (CIA, 2013). CPI (Cost Price Index): Year Average CPI 1970 5.09% 1971 3.07% 1972 6.43% 1973 16.79% 1974 28.52% 1975 6.62% 1976 -7.57% 1977 8.31% 1978 2.54% 1979 6.23% 1980 11.38% 1981 13.11% 1982 7.93% 1983 11.83% 1984 8.43% 1985 5.55% 1986 8.72% 1987 8.79% 1988 9.39% 1989 7.11% 1990 8.92% 1991 13.88% 1992 11.88% 1993 6.31% 1994 10.24% 1995 10.22% 1996 8.98% 1997 7.25% 1998 13.17% 1999 4.84% 2000 4.02% 2001 3.77% 2002 4.31% 2003 3.81% 2004 3.77% 2005 4.25% 2006 5.79% 2007 6.39% 2008 8.32% 2009 10.83% 2010 12.11% (Inflation.eu, 2013) Inflation rate of the country has varied since 1970s. As seen in the graph the CPI value was the highest in the year of 1974 and was the lowest in 1976. The reason for such a dramatic increase in the country’s CPI value was mainly due to the 1971 conflict of the country with its neighboring country Pakistan. As a result of the war inflation rate in the two countries significantly increased. The same reason can be given for the dramatic decrease in the inflation rate during the time period of May 1976 (The Economist, 2012). The country’s CPI is considered one of the highest in the world and is also considered as the second highest amongst the major economic countries. Inflation has been one of the major concerns of the country with the government trying to develop reforms to manage inflation rates within the country. Prices of goods consumed on a daily basis have significantly increased over the years. With the continuous rise in inflation of the country many experts fear that high inflation rates within the country might lead to a wage spiral within the country (The...This paper offers a comprehensive review of the recent developments in the Indian economy, which is regarded by many economists as a country with a huge growth potential. In order to become one of the leading economic superpower, the cou ntry has to overcome a number of hurdles. These obstacles are complicated and initiatives are needed by the government, industrialists and people alike to work for the progress of the country. The GDP of the country has remained constant over the years with little or no fluctuations occurring. The GDP of the country has seen a sharp increase in recent times mainly due to the measures taken by the government of the country. These measures helped India overcome the economic crisis Cost Price Index of the country has varied over the years with the highest and lowest CPI rates occurring within two years of each other. Inflation has been one of the greatest challenges that the country has to face. With a constant rise in the inflation rates basic commodities within the country are becoming more and more expensive. The government of the country is trying to implement measures that would control inflation rate within the country. Unemployment is a hurdle in the country’s progress. The recent financial crisis have left a large population of the country unemployed. Job opportunities within the country are hard to find and the job creation rate is also on the decline. The government is trying to bring investment back into the country to help job creation within the country.

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Organizational Performance Measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational Performance Measurement - Essay Example As a whole and general principle, a critical viewpoint differs or can be said as it is outside of the managerialist course in order to learn strategy as a definite organizational process. Through research and several other reviews it was seen that there are many approaches that are critical to strategic management and one of them is the processual school that asserts to illustrate how strategy is actually made from bargaining, constructivist, and embryonic perspectives. But the case is that processual approaches keep some promise however quickly move en route for prescriptive managerialism. Next I would add about a more profound critique from critical theory and postmodern insights. Strategy can be witnessed as a set of practices and discussions which promotes influential rationality it also reiterates hierarchical relations of power and most of all analytically privileges the interests and perspectives of particular groups. This approach has been important in probing the principles of strategy what it lacks is the point that its focus on discussion and lack of concern with the reality of strategy is to a very valid extent its potential weakness. The third and final approach that I like to discuss is drawn from Gramsci which gives an offer from a historical materialist perspective, this approach pays more attention to the actual content of strategy. Here the debatable point is that the strategic exploitation of discursive, managerial, and monetary resources in supporting or challenging supremacy suggests a strategic notion of power and a political standpoint on corporate strategies to exercise market power, influence government policies, , discipline labor and refuse to accept pressures from social groups. This approach also points to a more encompassing image of liberation strategies. Next we can asses the corporate culture in order to get the perspective about the organization involved. Corporate culture is often determined by the beliefs of the people at the controls -- and this culture can affect the way individuals in the organization respond to adversity. For example, a corporate culture based on top management's belief that "No matter what, employees will always work as little as possible, so it's our job to monitor them closely" can foster mistrust and an "us/them" thinking style. In Adaptive terms, this would create a less resilient organization. Senior management can use the Adaptive skill set to build a corporate culture that endorses a flexible, optimistic approach to handling adversity. They can learn to identify their own and their company's cultural "thinking style". They can then check it for common errors in logic and identify the consequences of the style to themselves and to the organization. Corporate Governance and organizational performance To understand the better functioning of a corporation one must know about the corporate governance which is identified as a field in economics that examines how to secure efficient running of organization by the utilization of incentive mechanisms, such as agreements, organizational designs and legislation. This is often limited to the question of improving financial performance, for example, how the corporate owners can secure/motivate that the corporate managers will deliver a competitive rate of return. It is the system

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Letter to Executive of Local Network Research Proposal

Letter to Executive of Local Network - Research Proposal Example These two principles are: Undertaking initiatives that lead towards promotion of a high level of responsibility towards the environment. Encouragement of adopting, developing and diffusing technology that is friendly to the environment. This submission will review and present a selection of business practices and/or approaches from Chevron, as well as other companies in the similar industry, which may be applicable in the effort to achieve the compliance to both of the mentioned principles of the Global Compact. Additionally, it will discuss lessons learnt from these approaches. It will, as well, develop business practice recommendations that will lead to an improvement in complying with the Global Compact principles. Finally it will provide discussions of the advantages, disadvantages and implications for key stakeholders, in case implementation of these recommendations is successful. Business practices and approaches that may be used Chevron is a multinational energy corporation th at bases its principles on promoting high levels environmental responsibility. At Chevron, we are committed to satisfying the world’s energy requirements while at the same time, taking appropriate measures to protect the environment. It is our belief that protecting the environment is the right thing to do especially in a world which needs a clean, healthy, and safe environment with regards to energy sources. As a consequence of this, we opted to make the task of reducing pollution and waste, conserving natural resources, and minimizing potentially negative environmental effects of our operations and tasks, our priority (Jakobeit 2008). The first practices we incorporate to ensure compliance to the two principles of the Global Compact is protecting the environment by making sure we use safe, reliable, healthy, efficient, and environmental friendly processes. We also respect and conserve biodiversity because we know about the significance of the complexity of nature. In additi on, we are keen on preserving fresh water resources because we are familiar with the importance of fresh water as a primary social, economic, and environmental resource. Finally, we have invested in the production of alternative energy sources that have no environmental effects such as solar, bio-fuel, and wind, and other renewable energy ventures (Johnson 2101). Positive and negative lessons learnt from these business practice and approaches The practices we have in play have a crucial role in helping us comply with the two principles of the Global Compact. The use of safe, reliable, healthy, efficient, and environmental friendly processes in protecting the environment has significantly improved our ability to identify and establish conservation areas (Rashce and Kell 2010). On the other hand, respecting biodiversity has helped us to protect habitats, by preventing the introduction of insidious mammal species and spread of weeds, as well as protecting endangered species. Preservati on of fresh water resources has enabled us partner with local communities where we have plants for the benefit of those people as well as our business. In doing so, we developed a working strategy that ensures water resources have the first priority in our operations (Rashce and Kell 2010). When it comes to the use of alternative energy sources, we have realized a significant reduction in cost of production meaning that it is cheap to use renewable and natural energy sources. Of all the positive lessons learn

Monday, September 23, 2019

Social Work; Blaming the victim(critical thinking) Essay

Social Work; Blaming the victim(critical thinking) - Essay Example This implies that she is responsible for the abuse, or at least could have prevented it, if she had taken more of an effort to avoid them. It places the responsibility on the victim to avoid the perpetrator. By telling her parents they had intervened it attempts to deflect the attention from the original crime or situation to hold the victim, Danielle, responsible. Victim blaming in this instance was subtle, but still existent. By holding Danielle responsible, implying she â€Å"deserved† or instigated the bullying by sending emails as well, the school blamed her for what happened. Because they believe the bullying wouldn’t happen without a â€Å"reason†, they believe the victim must have somehow provoked the actions. By blaming Danielle, it also allows the school to escape the blame from their own lack of action. They are able to side step the fact that they didn’t take strong, appropriate, immediate action against the bullies. It deflects the attention from the school, and the actual bullies, to Danielle, the victim. The memo was an indirect way of blaming the victim. Although at no point does it directly say Danielle was responsible, it insinuates it by implying she could have taken action by blocking the emails or following their other suggestions. It also diverts from the intensity of the bullying by avoiding, through exclusion, that there were other forms of bullying than just emails. The emails were only a small part of the actual bullying that occurred. The school didn’t address ways to counter slanderous actions like keeping her from making the team, bullying her in person, and spreading rumors. The memo they sent out only addressed a small portion of the bullying. Even if the emails were the main concern, the memo still holds the victim accountable by saying they shouldn’t’ respond to bullying—that by countering a bully’s actions, the victim is responsible. By not taking stronger action and by blaming the victim, the school

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Tourism Essay Example for Free

Tourism Essay Tourism is a complex topic, which involves most of the human and scientific elements such as economics, social, environmental, cultural, religious and others. For this reason, there are many different definitions depending on the purpose of the person, subject or research. One of the first simple definition appeared 200 years ago; Leiper defined the tourism as a ‘person engaged in a decadent style of travel’ (Leiper 2004, p.39). However, the definition has been evolving seeing that the tourism keeps growing, which has been affecting all authors definitions. At the same time, authors have different perspective of the tourism, and for this reason have been difficult to create a universal and standard one. Despite the differences, most tourism definitions share a common perspective, ‘they attempted to define tourism in terms of who is a tourist’ (Smith 1988, p.182). Hall said (2007) definitions are essential for any discipline and each one identifies the foci of study. In tourism studies encountered with four interrelated concepts and are the core of this subject: tourism, tourist, tourism industry and tourism resources. To ensure a better understanding, the following essay will describe and analyse four main authors definitions, including their strengths and weakness in order to select the most suitable one. Body The definitions have been divided in two helpful characteristics: conceptual and technical. The conceptual is a broad definition; embrace a general definition as a whole, where non-researchers and non-specialize people are able to understand identifying the essential characteristics of tourism. Technical definition is more specific, providing particular information for industrial, legislative and statistical purposes. Author 1: World Tourism Organisation (WTO) Tourism has different concepts depending in the authors interpretation. Holloway addresses his definition from the World Tourism Organisations, which is: ‘tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business or other purposes’ (Holloway 2009, p.8). Smith explained (1995) that the usual environment it is the first criteria to distinguish the tourism from travel. Exist two elements for this, frequency and distance. The frequency is the regularity of times the person visit the place. The distance, as most of the countries have different view of this it is difficult to defined. However the WTO established that the 160km must be the standard distance. In one hand, some strengths to consider is that this definition covers the three main evaluation aspects of the tourism, which are the purpose, distance and duration of travel. The definition specifically addresses the motivation of the tourists and is classified as holidays, business, religious, academic and health treatment. For the WTO (1995) it is clearly define that the distance can vary from 0 – 100 miles and people are not considered as tourist if it is less of these miles. Additionally the duration of travelling need to be at least one overnight of stay to be a tourist. On the other hand, the weaknesses are the focus of tourist’s definition. The WTO’s technical definition (2004) just engages the economic sector: a tourist is a business traveller, a student, a sick person who visit for health treatment and a person visiting a family member. All these elements are focusing on how much money visitors spend. Exist particular situations that tourists are not considered as tourists, which this led that every year the tourist definition change and misleads many people from being tourist, affecting as well the statistic evaluation of the tourism. It is important that the definition requires a difference in between transit and tourist people. For some countries, still not clear when do these definitions applies, at the same time the distance of travel do not follow the WTO standard. A clear example of this is United State Travel Data (1995) suggested that travelling one way of 100 miles are considered as tourists. However, for the Canadian government (2005) it is around 25 miles away of the person’s residence. This indicates that WTO needs to be firm on implementing the standards in order other countries follows them. Author 2: Leiper, Neil For Leiper, the tourism it is examined on a system approach. Being a system means a ‘set of interrelated groups coordinated to form a unified whole and organized to accomplish a set of goals’ (Goeldner 2009, p. 25). Under this approach, the tourism is ‘the system involving the discretionary travel and temporary stay of persons away from their usual place of residence for one or more nights, excepting tours made for the primary purpose of earning remuneration from points enroute. The elements of the system are tourists, generating regions, transit routes, destination regions, and a tourist industry. These five elements are arranged in spatial and functional connections. Having the characteristics of an open system, the organization of five elements operates within boarder environments: physical, cultural, social, economic, political, and technological with which it interacts’ (Smith 1988, p. 181). The main strengths for Leiper’s definition is that creates and examines the tourism and tourist on a competitive way, join all the approaches and elements that interact or are related to the tourism into a complex and extended definition. As well, the definition includes the consumer and the interaction of all the industries involved with the consumer. As per Leiper’s framework, ‘such approaches would facilitate multidisciplinary studies of particular aspects of tourism and more significantly would give interdisciplinary studies of various facets and perspectives a common point of reference’ (Leiper 1979, p. 395). It is clearly noticed that the definition covers the tourism as a whole including individual, organisations and business to reach the same goal, which is to provide service and deliver the experience to the tourists. The main weakness to consider is the complexity of this definition, which covers all the elements and approaches and sometimes might affect the main objective of the definition. At the same time, Leiper’s (2004) still creates confusion for the tourist’s definition and people have different perception of this. One person think that group of people are tourists, a second one might perceive sightseers as tourists, a third one might regard the cruise people as tourists. Because of this range of concepts and connotations, what delimits the boundaries between tourists and other visitors is difficult to define in a order that suits everybody. Author 3: Smith, Stephen On this section, Smith focuses on a supply side definition, which focuses on the commodities as the core element of the tourism. Most of the authors defined it in terms of goods and services, which is the demand side, not the characteristics or motivations of their consumers. Smith perceives the tourism as ‘the aggregate of all businesses that directly provide goods or services to facilitate business, pleasure and leisure activities away from the home environment’ (Smith 1988, p.183) The strengths of Smith’s goal is to develop a tourism definition based on tourists’ and characteristics that can be comparable with other industrial definitions. Other important characteristic is the inclusions of business and pleasure activities. Smith tries to make it explicit that ‘the motivations of a traveller are unimportant to the definition, although they are extremely important to the marketing sector of the industry’ (Smith 1988, p.183). At the same time, clarifies the distance or duration of the stay from a technical perspective. In addition, Smith developed a supply side definition in order to allow meaningful comparison with other industries. On the other hand, one of the weaknesses of this technical definition is a scale of tourism businesses, these are hotels, restaurants, airport, souvenir shops, transport and to mention others. The tourism has two types of businesses: the ones that ‘would not be able to survive without tourism (Tier 1) and businesses that could survive without tourism (Tier 2)’ (Coope 2005, p.9). Some clear examples for Tier 1 are hotels and airports; for Tier 2 would be transports and restaurants. Some businesses are not direct elements of the tourism as they can survive without it. This can create a conflict if should be part of the tourism business or not. Author 4: Burkart and Medlik On this case, Burkart and Medlik developed a holistic or conceptual definition adopted by the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism (AIEST): ‘tourism is the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising form the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected to any earning activity’ (Burkart 1981, p.40). One of the main strengths is that a various range of international organizations has recognized this definition. All its features recognises that tourism goes around the principal one, which is the tourist. At the same time, for the reason that it is not part of an academic discipline, allows interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches study the tourism. As well mentioned the time or duration element stating the permanent residence is not a tourist. An essential weakness to be considered is that it is a holistic definition and creates a difficult link in between other industries because describes the tourism as a whole essence of a subject. Certainly, as Leiper’s mentioned (1979) it is an ambiguous meaning and does not specify methodical applications. Furthermore the definition was developed long time ago and tourism has been evolving since then, which this definition creates just a general idea of the tourism and imprecise meaning. In terms of boundaries, this definition does not include the business people, it is focusing for people travelling under leisure and pleasure purposes. Conclusion Several meanings of tourism were identified and analysed. Tourism is a complex, vast and multifaceted, which it is necessary to have different approaches to study the specific field that suits everyone. It is important to clarify distinctions between basic definitions and the elements and characteristics involved in order to have a better perception. These definitions are a guide in order to have a better understanding of the tourism and from which sector people wants to be and understand. To conclude, the WTO should be consider as the standard definition for the reason is an international organisation and includes the main tourism elements: purpose of travel and time element. Furthermore it is a clear definition where everyone can have access and better understanding.

Saturday, September 21, 2019

The training needs of HCL Technologies employees

The training needs of HCL Technologies employees In a business, Human Resource is one of the disciplines which drives business for competitiveness. To achieve this training is very important. Competent employees will not remain competent forever. Their skills can deteriorate; technology may make their skills obsolete; the organization may move into new areas, changing the type of jobs that exist and the skills necessary to do them. This reality has not been overlooked by management. In order to train the employees the training need analysis is a must for enabling them to provide quality services to the customers both inside and outside .In order to assess the training needs, it is also necessary to derive the job contents and job descriptions for each category and cadre in respect of Employees working in all the Departments. An analysis of training need is an essential requirement to the design of effective training. The purpose of training need analysis is to determine whether there is a gap between what is required for effective performance and present level of performance. WHY TRAINING NEED ANALYSIS? Training need analysis is conducted to determine whether resources required are available or not. It helps to plan the budget of the company, areas where training is required, and also highlights the occasions where training might not be appropriate but requires alternate action. Training Need arises at three levels: Corporate need and training need are interdependent because the organization performance ultimately depends on the performance of its individual employee and its sub group. ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL Training need analysis at organizational level focuses on strategic planning, business need, and goals. It starts with the assessment of internal environment of the organization such as, procedures, structures, policies, strengths, and weaknesses and external environment such as opportunities and threats. After doing the SWOT analysis, weaknesses can be dealt with the training interventions, while strengths can further be strengthened with continued training. Threats can be reduced by identifying the areas where training is required. And, opportunities can be exploited by balancing it against costs. For this approach to be successful, the HR department of the company requires to be involved in strategic planning. In this planning, HR develops strategies to be sure that the employees in the organization have the required Knowledge, Skills, and Attributes (KSAs) based on the future KSAs requirements at each level. COMPANY PROFILE HCL Technologies is a leading global IT services company, working with clients in the areas that impact and redefine the core of their businesses. Since its inception into the global landscape after its IPO in 1999, HCL focuses on transformational outsourcing, underlined by innovation and value creation, and offers integrated portfolio of services including software-led IT solutions, remote infrastructure management, engineering and RD services and BPO. HCL leverages its extensive global offshore infrastructure and network of offices in 26 countries to provide holistic, multi-service delivery in key industry verticals including Financial Services, Manufacturing, Consumer Services, Public Services and Healthcare. HCL takes pride in its philosophy of Employee First which empowers our 55,688 transformers to create a real value for the customers. HCL Technologies, along with its subsidiaries, had consolidated revenues of US$ 2.5 billion (Rs. 11,822 crores), as on 21st December 2009 (on L TM basis). HCL is a $5 billion leading global technology and IT enterprise comprising two companies listed in India HCL Technologies and HCL Infosystems. Founded in 1976, HCL is one of Indias original IT garage start-ups. A pioneer of modern computing, HCL is a global transformational enterprise today. Its range of offerings includes product engineering, custom package applications, BPO, IT infrastructure services, IT hardware, systems integration, and distribution of information and communications technology (ICT) products across a wide range of focused industry verticals. The HCL team consists of over 62,000 professionals of diverse nationalities, who operate from 26 countries including over 500 points of presence in India. HCL has partnerships with several leading Global 1000 firms, including leading IT and Technology firms. While HCL Enterprise has a 20-year history, HCL Technologies is a relatively young company formed, nine years ago, in 1998. During this period, HCL has built unique st rengths in IT applications (custom applications for industry solutions and package implementation), IT infrastructure management and business process outsourcing, while maintaining and extending its leadership in product engineering. HCL has also built domain depth through a micro-verticalization strategy in industries such as Financial Services, Hi-tech and Manufacturing, Retail, Media and Entertainment, Life Sciences, and Telecom. HCL has created the ability to distribute value across the customers IT landscape through its well-distributed services portfolio, significant domain strengths, and locally relevant geographic distribution. HCL has the widest service portfolio among Indian IT service providers, with each of its services having attained critical mass. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: To study the training needs of the employees in order to increase the number of competent person and retain them in the organization. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: To bridge the gap between the actual and expected performance and behavior. To attain the level of performance this leads to the fulfillment of objectives. To increase the level of motivation among the employees in the organization. To develop their skills in interpersonal group communication. To develop potential knowledge and skills of the trainees to carry out defined tasks and responsibility. To assists in removing mental blocks, dispelling those doubts or misconceptions that may be preventing a participant from realizing the full range of his potential. NEED FOR THE STUDY We can identify several positive results that accrue from a well designed training program. Training efforts are consistent with and a natural extension of human resource planning. An analysis of training need is an essential requirement to the design of effective training. The purpose of training need analysis is to determine whether there is a gap between what is required for effective performance and present level of performance. Training need also develops the employee friendly work environment with high learning curve and leadership mentoring. Training need analysis is conducted to determine whether resources required are available or not. It helps to plan the budget of the company, areas where training is required, and also highlights the occasions where training might not be appropriate but requires alternate action. The need for training mainly to retain and promote employee who are strategic to the companies success. It leads to a strong sense of direction coupled with responsibility boosts motivational level and hence performance. The objective of this assessment is not that of selecting future promotes, but rather to help employees to improve their skills to achieve their performance. SCOPE OF THE STUDY To know the reasons for non-performance of employees. To create a platform for employees to fill the gaps in knowledge, competency, skill and experience. To create an opportunity for employees to interact with each other apart from job purposes. To consider as a change agent since management objectives are conveyed to the employees throughout the organization. To help in strengthening the team spirit. To help in applying knowledge, developing core competencies, and reducing work load. To help in developing focused and inspired staff. To know about the number of competent person and retain them in the organization. To know about employee satisfaction. To know about the growth opportunities of employee. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY It is not possible to conduct the perfect study because every study has its own limitations. Limitations of the study allow us to know, to what extent the findings can be generalized. In our study some of the limitations are: The study is limited to some particular unit of HCL. It is difficult to know whether the respondents opinion is exactly genuine as people perception may change from time to time. Since the study was during the time period of February 2010 TO March 2010, the findings may remain true for a certain period, after which it may not be applicable. Time was the main constrain. The research has to be completed within the stipulated time limit. Some information cannot be accessed due to its confidential nature. The employees are replied in a random number. 2.2 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION TABLE NO: 2.2.1 TABLE INDICATING AGE COMPOSITION OF THE RESPONDENTS OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS 7 6 25-25 25 29 26-45 44 27 >45 24 28 Total 120 100 FINDINGS: The above table shows that 6% of respondents are below 25, 29% of respondents are between 25-25, 27% of respondents are between 26-45 and 28% of respondents are above 45. INFERENCES: From the above findings it is inferred that majority of the respondents are between the age group of 26-45. FIGURE NO: 2.2.1 TABLE NO: 2.2.2 TABLE INDICATING GENDER COMPOSITION OF THE RESPONDENTS OPTIONS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS Male 109 91 female 11 9 Total 120 100 FINDINGS: The above table shows that 91% of the respondents are male and 9% of the respondents are female. INFERENCES: From the above findings it is inferred that majority of the respondents are male. FIGURE NO: 2.2.2 TABLE NO: 2.2.2 TABLE INDICATING THE WORK EXPERIENCE OF THE RESPONDENTS OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS 40 22 5 to 10 25 29 11 to 20 22 19 >20 22 19 Total 120 100 FINDINGS: It is found that 22% of the respondents are below 5years of experience, 29% of the respondents are 5-10 years of experience, 19% of the respondents are 11-15 years of experience and 19% are above 20 years of experience. INFERENCES: From the above findings it is found that majority of the respondents are having below 5 years experience. FIGURE NO: 2.2.2 TABLE NO: 2.2.4 TABLE INDICATING THE DESIGNATION OF THE RESPONDENTS OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS Senior officer 22 19% Manager 24 28% Deputy manager 20 25% Assistant manager 22 28% Total 120 100 FINDINGS: The above table shows that 19% of the respondents are senior officer and 28% of the respondents are manager, 25% of the respondents are deputy manager and 28% of the respondents are assistant manager. INFERENCES: From the above findings it is inferred that majority of the respondents are manager and assistant manager in the organization. FIGURE NO: 2.2.4 TABLE NO: 2.2.5 TABLE INDICATING THE TYPE OF TRAINING PROGRAMME PROVIDED TO EXECUTIVES OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS Class room training 89 74 Simulation exercises 5 4 Workshops and seminars 10 9 E-learning 11 9 Under study assignments 5 4 Total 120 100 FINDINGS: The above table shows that 74% of respondents are of opinion that class room training are provided to them during their training, 4% of the respondents referred simulation exercises are provided, 9% of the respondents referred workshops and seminars are provided, 9% of the respondents referred E- learning are provided and 4% of the respondents referred under study assignments are provided during their training programme.. INFERENCE: From the above findings it is inferred that majority of respondents referred class room training methods is provided to them during their training programme. FIGURE NO: 2.2.5 TABLE NO: 2.2.6 TABLE INDICATING THE INITIATOR OF TRAINING PROGRAMME IN THE ORGANISATION OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS Supervisor 15 12 Employees 5 4 HR Department 92 77 External consultants 1 1 If others 7 5 Total 120 100 FINDINGS: From the above table it is found that 12% of the executives identified that their supervisor initiates the training programme, 4% of the executives identified that they themselves initiates the training programme, 77% of the executives identified that the HR department initiates the training programme, 1% executive identified that external consultant initiates the training programme,5% of the executives identified that other person will initiates the training in the organization. INFERENCES: From the above findings it is inferred that 77% of the executives identified that the HR department initiates the training programme in the organization. FIGURE NO: 2.2.6 TABLE NO: 2.2.7 TABLE INDICATING THE TYPE OF VISUAL AIDS USED IN TRAINING PROGRAMME OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS Overhead projector transparencies 40 22 Board 20 17 Flip charts 5 4 Hand outs 6 5 Power point presentations 49 41 Total 120 100 FINDINGS: From the above table it is found that 22% of the respondents referred over head projectors are used in their training, 17% of the respondents referred boards are used as the visual aids in their training, 4% of the respondents referred flip charts are used in the training,5% of the respondents referred handouts are used in their training, 41% of the respondents referred power point presentations are used as the visual aids in their training INFERENCES: From the above findings it is inferred that 41% of the respondents referred power point presentations are used as the visual aids in their training programme. FIGURE NO: 2.2.7 TABLE NO: 2.2.8 TABLE INDICATING THE EXTERNAL TRAINING PROGRAMME PROVIDED IN THE ORGANISATION OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS Yes 116 97 No 4 2 Total 120 100 FINDINGS: The above table shows that 97% of respondents are of opinion that external training programme provided in the organization,2% of the respondents are of opinion that they are not accepting that statement.. INFERENCES: From the above findings it is inferred that 97% of the respondents say that the external training programme are provided to them in the organization. FIGURE NO: 2.2.8 INTERVAL ESTIMATION: CALCULATION: NEED FOR TEST: To find out whether any external training programme had provided to executives. Let p be the total no: of responses yes Let q be the total no: of responses No p===0.96 q=1-p=0.04 n=120 At 95% level of confidence z=1.96 CONCLUSION: It is concluded that at 95% confidence level of population proportion of external training programme provided in the organization and it lies between 0.85 and 0.995 that is 85% to 95%. TABLE NO: 2.2.9 TABLE INDICATING EFFECTIVE FACTOR OF THE TRAINING PROGRAMME OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS Yes 116 97 No 4 2 Total 120 100 FINDINGS: From the above table it is found that 97% of the employees are of opinion that the training programme was found effective, 2% of the respondents are of opinion that they are not accepting that statement. INFERENCES: From the above findings it is inferred that 97% of the respondents say that training programme was found effective in the organization.. FIGURE NO: 2.2.9 INTERVAL ESTIMATION: CALCULATION: NEED FOR TEST: To find out whether the training programme was effective Ho: The training programme does not found effective. H1: The training programme found effective. Let p be the total no: of responses yes Let q be the total no: of responses No p===0.96 q=1-p=0.04 n=120 At 95% level of confidence z=1.96 CONCLUSION: It is concluded that at 95% confidence level of population proportion the training programme was found effective and lies between 0.85 and 0.995 that is 85% to 95%. TABLE NO: 2.2.10 TABLE INDICATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TRAINING PROGRAMME OPTIONS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE OF RESPONDENTS Very high 28 22 High 60 50 Neither high nor low 20 25 Low 2 2 Very low 0 0 Total 120 100 FINDINGS: It is found that 22% of the respondents have very high level of expectations in the effectiveness of the training programme, 50% of the respondents have high level of expectations in the effectiveness of the training, 25% of the respondents have neither high nor low level of expectations in the effectiveness of the training, 2% of the respondents have low level of expectations in the effectiveness of the training programme. INFERENCES: it is inferred that 50% of the respondents have high level of expectations in the effectiveness of the training programme. FIGURE NO: 2.2.10 CALCULATION SHOWING PEARSONS CORRELATION TEST (Between effectiveness and satisfaction in the training programme) {Combining Table No 2.2.10and Table No.2.2.16} EFFECTIVENESS (X) SATISFACTION (Y) X2 Y2 XY 28 7 784 49 196 60 94 2600 8826 5640 20 16 900 256 480 2 2 4 9 6 X = 120 Y= 120 XY = 5288 X2 = 9150 Y2 =6222 Pearsons correlation coefficient(r) = = 0.886 r = 0.886 r value is positive and nearer to 1 FINDINGS: From the above table it is found that 50% of respondents feel the training was effective. INFERENCE: It is inferred that there exists high degree of relationship between effectiveness and satisfaction in the training programme. FINDINGS From the study it is found that majority of the respondent i.e.) 27% of the respondents have age composition of 26 to 45. From the present study it is found that the majority of respondents working in the organization i.e.) 91% of them are male. From the study it is found that majority of the respondents are having below 5 years experience in the organization. From the present study it is inferred that majority of the respondents are manager and assistant manager in the organization. From the study it is found that the most recent training programme attended by the respondents are information security, corporate etiquette, service training, six sigma and team building. 74% of the respondents have responded that the organization is providing class room training methods during training programme. It is found that 77% of the executives identified that the HR department initiates the training programme in the organization. From the present study it is found that 41% of the respondents referred power point presentations are used as the visual aids in their training programme. It is found that 97% of the respondents say that the external training programmes are provided to them in the organization. SUGGESTIONS Job rotation method of training is very useful to the executive persons for understanding job linkage with varied skills. Programmed instructions seminars will increase the knowledge of the executives Behavioural training programs like role playing are necessary to improve the psychological fitness of the executives so as to face any kind of problem at any stage. Some additional reinforcement programs can be conducted to chisel the skills of the executives to remain competent enough to face the challenges of the changing technological, social environmental factors. Training programs, which are necessary to improve the ethical values moral values of the executives should be conducted. Field study exposure to customers working place will be helpful for executives to improve their performance. Training programme should be conducted in a periodical manner and updations of our technical and on the job training is necessary for better performance and improves our efficiency. CONCLUSION In recent years, the important and role of training and development has increased manifold. More and more use of training and development is being made by all sections of the organization .These training programme has become a part of human resource development. Training is one of the main activities which change the behaviour of the people. Training has become essential part not only to increase the productivity but also to motivate and inspire workers. It increases the skills of the persons at all levels of the organization. Human resources are the life blood of any organization .This can be achieved through well trained personnel The training programme increases the performance of the members in the organization. It also increases the human relation skills. It also helps to stimulate creative thinking. Training plays a vital role in the organization performance. The training programme conducted by Berger Paints India LimitedIndia are satisfactory but still it should keep on conducting the training programme to the executives which will generate interest and create innovative ideas to take part in the training programme and in improving their knowledge skills along with their personality development. The training programme should be frequently conducted so as to improve efficiency of executives in the organization. Training leads to increase in morale among executives, better human relations, reduced supervisions, increased organizational viability and resilience, advancement in technology. Training need analysis arises because of the market slow down and executives attrition rate. 2.6 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Friday, September 20, 2019

The Types Of Conflict Social Work Essay

The Types Of Conflict Social Work Essay PART 1 Introduction As individuals we work with people, interact with them and might disagree or agree with them on issues. Conflict management means putting in place ways that reduces bad aspects of conflict and raising the good aspects of it at standards the same or higher than the place where the conflict took place. Additionally, conflict management seeks to improve learning and group results, that is capability or performance in a business environment (Ra him, 2002). People might disagree in decision making because they might have ideas of their own. Conflict may be important to groups and businesses, when managed well, it increases group results (e.g. Alpert, Osvaldo, Law, 2000; Booker Jame son, 2001; Ra-him Bono ma, 1979; Kuhn Poole, 2000; Church Marks, 2001). Part 1 of this paper explains conflict, its types and my experience of it at Mining Building and Contractors Ltd ( MBC,Obuasi), Ghana and a conclusion at the end. Part 2 of this paper explains building trust, relationships and communic ations, the importance of these skills to an organization as well as a personal reflection on these skills and a conclusion. Conflict may be defined as a basic variance between individuals due to differences of opinions, ideas, beliefs, values, needs or objectives. Types of Conflict Intrapersonal It is a conflict that develops within an individual when he argues with himself about something. It could be simple as wanting to use office item for personal use when he knows he shouldt be doing that. Interpersonal It is a conflict between two separate individuals, this form of conflict is what people typically have in mind when they think of conflict. Functional Ambiguity and role specifications in organizations could create problems. Intergroup This conflict normally happens in the cases of various ethnic or racial groups. Each group could feel threatened and may feel that their respective culture is not duly respected. Conflict Management Conflict management is about helping improve the positive aspects of conflicts. It does not necessarily mean doing away with conflicts. Personal experience I worked at MBC Ltd, Obuasi with a colleague at the Accounts Office. My colleagues uncle was the Marketing Manager but wasnt in good terms with Mr. Ocloo, the Accountant, who was our boss. I got to know our boss was someone who was really passionate about his work and disliked lazy and insolent people. I built a strong relationship with my boss and always listened to and respected his views. My boss observed my colleague most of the time missing at the office, this continued for a few weeks. My colleague had been visiting his uncle during periods which there were no work at the office. One day I returned from an errand to find out my colleague had had a confrontation with our boss because of his continuous absence during working hours. He also had reported the case to his uncle who had come and exchanged words with our boss and had worsened the situation. I quickly called my colleague and spoke to him about the way our boss had observed him for a long period before voicing out his fr ustration. I recommended to him outside apologizing to our boss. I also advised him to go back to his uncles office to calm him down. I then ensured he explained things to his uncle and admit it was his fault to make peace. I later talked to my boss for hours explaining that, my colleague was at fault but he really left when we had finished with our work. I wanted to make sure the case does not escalate to higher levels and wanted it solved that day. It wasnt easy because we had to stay behind after office hours when everyone had left to resolve the issue. Both my colleague and his uncle came back with my colleague apologizing and acknowledging the mistake that brought about the conflict. I helped solve the solution because it would have really developed into a real mix-up which would have brought other parties and disciplines into the matter. Conclusion Every day we work with people, who might wrong us or rub us in a way. I personally think conflict is unavoidable but can be managed. At the workplace individuals should always be thoughtful and always try to negotiate with fellow workers to resolve conflicts. Workers must be sensitive to the feelings of other workers and understand that individuals may react to anger, fear and frustration. Workers should provide viable solutions to problems amongst themselves. Mangers should identify and analyse the reason for conflict to understand the root cause of conflict. Any solution for resolving the issue should be aimed at doing away with the root cause. Managers need to have good communication skills to be able to empathize with all the concerned parties and put across their solutions convincingly. Conflicts should be resolved in a healthy way without favouring any individual; all parties involved should be treated with respect and spoken to politely. Managing conflict effectively is valuab le in the progress of an organization. PART 2 Introduction Nowadays, businesses are looking for ways to help maintain trust, build good relationships and acquire communication skills in helping them achieve growth in their workplace. Trust is explained as the condition of preparedness for an interaction with something or someone without protection (Duane C. Tway, Jr.,1994). Trust, relationships and communication at the workplace is very essential to the success of a business and wellbeing of people at work. Trust is seen by others as equivalent to trustworthiness, explaining trust in the subject of individual traits that stimulate positive expectations on other individuals behalf(e.g., Butler Cantrell, 1984; McKnight et al., 1998).Organisational relationships can be grouped into functions, departments and teams; union, staff and the management. These relationships are influenced by how people individually treat each other in the workplace, http://www.dol.govt.nz/er/bestpractice/prc/infosheets/GPG-WP-RELATIONSHIP.pdf (Accessed on 03/12/12). Culture of trust is beneficial in disorganized and uncertain places, (Bjerke, 1999). Why the need for Building Trust, Relationships Communication? Effective communication, trust and good relationship with workers is an organization is vital in attaining results, eliminating stress and providing a vibrant atmosphere where workers feel free to ask for help, share opinions and also actively contribute in progress of organization. These skills help encourage team members encourage each other and work efficiently and effectively. Fostering these skills in the workplace enhances decision making and implementation in an organisation. Trust gives way to developing a relationship more effective between the trustor and trustee (Blau, 1964). To build successful relationships in workplaces involves trust. Trust brings about efficient communication, healthy relationships and employee motivation in an organization. Having these elements at the workplace motivates employees to work harder. The existence of these skills in the workplace makes organizational goals easy to achieve. Any organisation that excels in these skills is able to get thin gs done progressively and successfully. Personal Reflection When I started work at MBC Ltd, (Obuasi), the first thing I did was to learn and quickly adapt to the organisational behaviour and culture. The next thing was to win the trust of fellow workers and build good communication levels and relationships with them. I was humble, obedient and was always eager to work. I became more involved in issues of workers in the company. This made me my boss favourite and made him sometimes go to the extent of discussing his personal issues with me. I had already won his trust and had built a vibrant relationship with him. As a new worker of the company, it was not done overnight but through hard work I was able to achieve it. If I saw workers not in good terms at work, I will quickly try to address it. I will have a conversation with the people involved and if it was still not working, I will try a higher authority. I always made sure that no party felt betrayed or offended but it was always a win-win case. I also kept private information from others confidential. When we had finished with work and the place seemed boring I would suggest a group meeting where we thrived on issues to be addressed at the office. We did this at least two times and really helped us a lot and always brought the best in us. I suggested this to fellow workers but did not work at start because some managers did not agree with the idea. Gradually interest for it grew and the company now holds a special meeting once every month where selected workers from various departments share views and discuss problems facing them to managers. This really improved communication and enhanced good relationships and trust in the organization. Conclusion Communication, trust and relationships can be improved in all workplaces, no matter the size of the company. The basis of an individuals interaction in the workplace is through these skills. These skills are very important and should be amalgamated into team building in every organization. Individuals should be encouraged to stop engaging in activities that will reduce trust existing between workers. Workshops and meetings should be organized to prepare and educate workers on developing good communication skills and fostering healthy relationships among themselves. It is never easy to impress or satisfy everyone at the workplace because we are human but we must also know that it takes a lot of effort to fix a broken relationship or trust that existed between workers than to prevent it from happening. If any company wants to move from being just a working group to a high performing one these skills must be taking seriously. None of us is perfect but we can be much more effective and e fficient if we work on building good relations, having easy and simple communication systems and being trustworthy. This will inspire and influence others to help build a successful business environment.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Ambiguities Explored in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essays

Ambiguities Explored in Heart of Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚   Literature is never interpreted in exactly the same way by two different readers. A prime example of a work of literature that is very ambiguous is Joseph Conrad's, "Heart of Darkness". The Ambiguities that exist in this book are Marlow's relationship to colonialism, Marlow's changing feelings toward Kurtz, and Marlow's lie to the Intended at the end of the story.    One interpretation of Marlow's relationship to colonialism is that he does not support it. Conrad writes, "They were not enemies, they were not criminals, they were nothing earthly now,-nothing but black shadows of disease and starvation, lying confusedly in the greenish gloom" (p. 27-28). Marlow says this and is stressing that the so-called "savages", or Africans, are being treated and punished like they are criminals or enemies when in fact they never did anything. He observes the slow torture of these people and is disgusted with it. Marlow feels sympathy for the black people being slaved around by the Europeans but doesn't do anything to change it because that is the way things are. One can see the sympathy by the way that he gives a starving black man one of his biscuits. "To tear treasure out of the bowels of the land was their desire, with no moral purpose at the back of it than there is in burglars breaking into a safe" (p. 54). This statement by Marlow conveys th at he doesn't believe that the Europeans have a right to be stripping Africa of its riches. He views the Jungles of Africa as almost it's own living, breathing monster.    It is evident that Marlow is one of the few white men on the journey that questions the belief at the time that the natives of Africa are "inhu... ...ch open up the readers mind. Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness", raises many questions about society and the human potential for evil.    Works Cited and Consulted:       Conrad, Joseph.   Heart of Darkness 3rd Ed.   Ed. Robert Kimbrough. New York:   Norton Critical, 1988.    Edward W. Said, The World, the Text, and the Critic. (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1983) 13.    Hillman, James. "Notes on White Supremacy: Essaying an Archetypal Account of Historical Events," Spring (1986): 29-57.    McLynn, Frank. Hearts of Darkness: The European Exploration of Africa. New York: Carol & Gey, 1992.    Meyers, Jeffrey.   Joseph Conrad.   New York:   Charles Scribner's Sons, 1991.    Patrick Brantlinger, "Heart of Darkness: Anti-Imperialism, Racism, or Impressionism?" Criticism (Fall, 1985) 364.     

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

A Letter from Holden from Catcher in the Rye :: Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger Essays

A Letter from Holden from Catcher in the Rye Dear Holden, Hi mate, what’s gone wrong with you? I can’t believe this has happened to you. You were fine when I left, after Allie dying and all. You know when I last saw you I was with Rachel (The English Actress). Well I proposed to her and she said yes. I am organising our honeymoon and the wedding so I am a bit tied up at the moment. So that is why I am writing a letter and not coming down to see you in person. In your previous letter, on a few occasions, you seemed to talk as if you were a different person. I wanna give you some advice. It will be easier if I tell you how I would have acted, or how you should have acted, just to help you. I remember you told me about that guy, Stradlater, and he was going on a date with Jane. He asked you to do an essay for him. I wouldn’t have done it for him; you have got your own life, try living it brother. Why didn’t you tell him you didn’t want to do it for him? If he was an alright guy he would have stayed at the school and written it himself. He was walking all over you and he only did it because you did not have anything better to do, because you were getting kicked out of Pencey in a few days. The thing with you is that you just can’t help yourself. Stradlater started talking for ages about Jane Gallagher and his date with her and you were stunned by this information. So when you stopped talking he just asked you. â€Å"Will you do it for me then?† and you gave in to him. It didn’t take any persuasion. Nothing. Later on in your letter, you talked about meeting this pimp, Maurice, in a lift. He asked you if you wanted to have some fun that night. Why? Why did you say yes? You don’t have to have a prostitute to have a good time. They are for sick, old perverts, not a sixteen-year-old, Holden. When the girl turned up, you should have just given her the money and made her leave. You didn’t even have to talk to her. She had her own life and she either wanted to have sex or go back to sleep. When that pimp came back because you didn’t give the girl enough money you should have just given the money to him. In your description he sounded huge, so I would have given him it.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Criminal Justice Workplace Observation Paper

In any workplace the goal of the company is to perform all job duties so that work functions may be carried out accordingly. Jobs that are centered around the criminal justice system have an even more important task of getting things done because just like any other job, criminal justice ones have laws to uphold. This paper will discuss the Alabama Department of Human Resources (DHR) and its workplace observations. The leadership consists of three levels: upper management, middle management and lower level management. Upper management involves the judge of each case that passes through DHR. The judge is responsible for overseeing the case and making final decisions overall about the case. Middle management consists of the attorneys that are assigned to each case. Attorneys are responsible for making sure the legal aspects of the case in regards to the child are being followed. Lower management consists of the DHR workers. The DHR workers are responsible for making sure the welfare of the child is in their best interest. Culture is one of the most important factors in successfully managing a criminal justice workforce. It is extremely important for each of the above named participants to be able to understand the differing diversities that the courts may encounter. It is not uncommon for a DHR worker to have a caseload with different ethnicities and cultural differences. You can read also  Justice System Position Paper Sometimes, those cultural differences may cause an individual to speak a different language than the worker, judge, or attorney is familiar with. Language barriers can often cause problems with relaying actual problems that are going on with a case. If either of the above participants can fluently speak different languages then that helps not only the court participants, but the people that are involved in the case personally. This will cut down on the legal issues that could arise in cases. Speaking of legal issues, the law is an extremely serious matter in DHR. DHR workers have the ever daunting task of making sure they report behavior to the courts about the welfare of any child. The judges have to make sure they are upholding the law and interpreting it to the best of their ability, and attorneys are built to practice and exercise the good will of the law all according to their states’ statutes.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Politics, Presidents and War Essay

War is inevitably an exercise in politics. In the best case the political process provides checks and balances that can contain or even prevent war. In other cases the political process itself is the primary driving force towards war. These two realities are not mutually exclusive. The Persian Gulf War of 1991 provided evidence of both political realities. Politics influenced the nature and the course of the war, and vice versa. In the context of what has happened since 1991 the Persian Gulf War, also known as â€Å"Desert Shield† and â€Å"Desert Storm†, is a fading memory. The political importance of this war cannot be underestimated, however. The socio-political impact of this war would come to fruition within a decade. This impact is part of a continual process of reflexivity between war and politics, particularly in the United States. For better or worse, the Presidency itself was altered by this war and the associated political processes. Storm Clouds The Persian Gulf War of 1991 had immediate causes. When Saddam Hussein’s Iraqi military invaded oil-rich Kuwait a crisis was created. The United States and a coalition of mostly Western nations were compelled to respond. Kuwait was a strategically important ally in the Middle East. If the invasion was allowed to stand, Saddam Hussein would be in position to launch an attack against Saudi Arabia, another important ally. After working several months for a resolution within the United Nations, the coalition prepared to launch an attack. The agreed upon mission was limited to ousting Iraqi forces from Kuwait. Going any further would require much more discussion. For Iraq, the invasion of Kuwait came on the heels of a failed war with Iran in which millions were killed. War debt was draining Iraq’s coffers. There was also a political angle for Iraq. Saddam sensed that he could not appear to be weak in any way. Using revisionist history, Saddam claimed that the Iran war had somehow been a success. That message was driven home as Saddam erected even more palaces and monuments dedicated to himself. The invasion of Kuwait was a calculated political gamble. The United States and other nations had backed him in the war with Iran. He believed, at worst, that those nations would be ambivalent to his takeover of tiny Kuwait. Meanwhile he peppered the Iraqi media with trumped up charges against Kuwait. Even if he was eventually forced out, Saddam believed that he could plunder the wealth of Kuwait before retreating. With a demoralized military after the Iran war, Saddam also felt he had to keep his army occupied so they could not conspire against him. He tried to put them in a easily winnable situation in an effort to solidify his own power. Knowing how Saddam operated, the United States made certain not to underestimate him. Senator William V. Roth, Jr. (R. -Del. ) Said that â€Å"He is as unpredictable as a desert storm and as deceptive as a mirage† (Mitchell, 1991). When Saddam failed to comply with repeated United Nations resolutions, the coalition mobilized itself for war. As in any war, the crisis that caused the start of the war was simply the culmination of many prior socio-political movements and actions. With that in mind the American administration started a concerted political effort to build internal support for the war. The threat was maximized for public consumption. â€Å"President Bush declared that what is at stake is a New World Order† (Abdulla, 1994). Having successfully swayed public opinion, the administration now had to successfully fight the war in both military and political terms. Politics and Policy In Washington politics the terms â€Å"Vietnam War† and â€Å"quagmire† are toxic. Any association with them can mean the quick death of a policy or military initiative. In the lead-up to the war politicians capitalized upon the Vietnam syndrome from a number of angles. Opponents of any military intervention used the phrase â€Å"potential quagmire† numerous times in their arguments. Once it was apparent that a war was going to take place, even supporters used this term in an attempt to shape the type of war it would be. In other words the political situation required that the coalition go in with overwhelming force, but minimize civilian casualties at the same time. The administration knew it could not allow an extended guerilla conflict to emerge. The powerful triangle of war, television and politics had defeated the Johnson administration during Vietnam. This time, the administration was prepared to take extreme measures to prevent such a situation from happening again. Meanwhile, coalition leaders toed a tricky political line in maintaining world support for the action. Since before the war had even begun the issue of oil had prompted loud voices of disapproval about the impending war. Opponents claimed that the U. S. led coalition was not so concerned with Saddam’s violation of International Law or with the freedom of a formerly sovereign nation. Instead, they claimed that the primary reason for the upcoming attack was to secure fuel for the oil-thirsty Western nations. Oil was a vital strategic concern. Access to cheap oil was a pillar underneath the American economy. Two of the most reliable pre-war suppliers were Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. In defending these nations, the U. S. hoped not only to secure its oil supply but also force a split between the nations in the OPEC oil cartel. In the political arena, though, this by itself was not a justifiable reason to fight a war. This sentiment was particularly true among the European nations in the coalition. Holding this coalition together was critical to the overall effort. From the perspective of the administration, the war could not be seen as â€Å"trading lives for oil†. That would reinforce world perceptions of the United States as a greedy empire. Eventually the eroding effect of public opinion would have weakened the tenuous coalition. In fact, this had been part of Saddam’s political strategy from the outset. â€Å"Saddam Hussein apparently counted on American public pressure to prevent a committment of troops to defend either Kuwait or Saudi Arabia† (Carlisle, 2003). Vietnam might be thought of as a constrained war, not in terms of casualties but in terms of the lengths the U. S. was willing to go to ensure victory. The Gulf War, in contrast, was a â€Å"careful† war. Every attempt was made to minimize both coalition casualties and the public reporting on those casualties. The military also went out of its way to project the image that Iraqi civilians were not targets. Reports began to surface about large numbers of Iraqi casualties, but they were largely squelched by the constant presentation of surgical strikes on the enemy. For his part Saddam tried to play up images of apparently innocent Iraqi casualties. American officials admit, in hindsight, that Saddam played the political game well. After all â€Å"Saddam is a politician not a soldier† (Dunnigan, 1992). The Outcomes Militarily, the Gulf War at first appeared to be as close to flawless as is possible. The Iraqi military was swept out of Kuwait in a matter of weeks. The military had taken reporters into their ranks while still tightly controlling the flow of information. Images of deadly accurate smart bomb deployments and successful interception of Iraqi SCUD’s by American Patriot missiles permeated the nightly news. President Bush’s approval ratings skyrocketed to unprecedented levels. Politically the effort was less successful. According to U. S. News & World Report: â€Å"But inasmuch as victory suggests the decisive defeat of an opponent, there was none. This triumph without victory was perhaps the most striking irony of the entire conflict† (1993). The U. S. had hoped that Saddam would be overthrown in the process, but was unable to make the case that it should be done by the coalition. When parts of the country revolted against Saddam, the lack of coalition help allowed Saddam to crush them brutally. At the time, the outcome seemed acceptable. According to R. W. Apple, Jr. : â€Å"they appear to have done just enough to make it unlikely that a second Persian Gulf war will erupt any time soon† (1991). In hindsight it is apparent that this set the stage for another Gulf War. Ten years later, the U. S. and a smaller coalition of nations launched an attack with the expressed purpose of overthrowing Saddam. The Presidency The Gulf War of 1991 was a watershed moment in the history of the Presidency of the United States. The War Powers Act theoretically reserved the right to make war to the U. S. Congress. An increasingly long line of Presidents have resisted this notion, finding loopholes in order to â€Å"defend American interests†. The Gulf War was unique in that the President undertook a sustained effort to marshal international support before even gaining domestic support. Critics charge that Bush was trying to â€Å"circumvent Congress by seeking United Nations approval† (U. S. News & World Report, 1993). There was dissent in the Congress to the asserting of political power by the President. Many felt that the issue was not thoroughly debated. George Mitchell (D. -ME) wrote that: In effect the President, overnight, with no consultation and no public debate, changed American policy from being part of a collective effort to enforce diplomatic sanctions into a predominantly American effort, relying upon the use of American military force. (Mitchell, 1991) Nevertheless, this would become the template for future Presidents wishing to undertake military action. A formal declaration of war, as they saw it, was unnecessary. As the Commander-in Chief the President is charged with defending American interests. A further asserting of Presidential power was the perceived â€Å"shackling of the press† (U. S. News & World Report, 1993). For the first time, a full-scale effort to control the modern, multimedia press was undertaken. The â€Å"in the National interest† argument was used to full effect. From this perspective the administration could paint uncooperative media as unpatriotic or untrustworthy. Conclusion In Vietnam, television had shown Americans the realities of modern warfare. Political ramifications soon followed. In the Gulf War of 1991, the conflict was, in fact, planned from a political and media perspective. The war marked an increase in the assertion of Presidential power. It also marked an increase in the ability of that branch to use the media, public opinion and internationalism to increase that power. It was a political evolution that has now become commonplace. Was the Persian Gulf War of 1991 a success? Militarily, it was. The military carried out its proscribed mission with remarkable efficiency and media savvy. In terms of international politics, it merely preserved the status quo while not resolving any underlying problems. In terms of domestic politics it allowed for an increase in Presidential power while setting the template for future military conflicts in successive administrations. The template worked efficiently for a while, but by the end of the second Bush’s administration the political pendulum was swinging back toward Congress and more hesitancy in carrying out large-scale military actions. Works Cited Abdulla, Abdulkhaleq. â€Å"Gulf War: the socio-political background. † Arab Studies Quarterly. 16. 3 (1994). Apple, R. W. Jr. â€Å"After the War: Politics: Another Gulf War? † The New York Times. 10 Mar. 1991: B01. Carlisle, Rodney P. Persian Gulf War. New York: Facts on File, 2003. Dunnigan, James E. & Bay, Austin. From Shield to Storm. New York: Morrow & Co. , 1992. Mitchell, George. â€Å"Confrontation in the Gulf: War and Peace: A sampling from the debate on Capitol Hill. † The New York Times. 11 Jan. 1991: A03. U. S. News and World Report. Triumph Without Victory: the unreported history of the Persian Gulf War. New York: Random House, 1993.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

John Proctor Is a Good Man Essay

Many actions dignify the traits of a tragic hero, but only few stand out. In the tragedy The Crucible by Arthur Miller, a tragic hero dies a good man when brought to trial over nothing more than child’s play and dishonesty. John Proctor is an honest, upright, and blunt-spoken man because he fought for what is right and found forgiveness in his fatal flaw. Although he exhibits these traits throughout the story, John dies a dynamic character. Throughout the story, John expresses qualities of an honest man by defending his wife Elizabeth when she is accused of hurting Abigail. John defends Elizabeth† Herrick! Herrick don’t chain her† (page 177: Proctor) in many ways despite the hardship they have been going through with their marriage. With tension between the two because of John’s affair with Abigail, Elizabeth and John have been falling apart. However, in some divine way, John forfeits his good name when he tells the court of his affair. In doing so, John has lost what makes him honorable, but Elizabeth seeing this has brought new perspective upon her relationship with her husband. She forgave him. John doing the unimaginable to seek his wife’s forgiveness is a true example of a dynamic change throughout the story. Although John changed with his honesty, he also was an upright, blunt-spoken man. With this quote, â€Å"How do you call Heaven! Whore! Whore! † (Page 192: Proctor) John exhibits his personality and thought very bluntly towards Abigail because he knows what is right in this court case. In doing so, John brings the attention of this case to new and questioning points for Judge Danforth. However, these points soon became turned around with the compendious lies Abigail and the girls conspired about. Although John spoke his mind when it came to honesty about Elizabeth, he came to a point where he neede d something big to make Danforth see the truth. John revealed his sin to the courts of Salem. By him releasing his secret, Judge Danforth opened light to John’s objections. His actions may have brought him down in a way, but he still rose up to catch Abigail in her lies. John Proctor used his blunt-spoken mind to convey the truth to the courts and showed how he did change with how he saw other people such as Abigail. John Proctor expresses his honesty and blunt personality throughout the story, however when time did come to the end of the tragedy, he exposed another trait until his last breath of air. There is such thing of honor and it can be argued that John Proctor died without it. Or that he wasted his breath fighting for his and Elizabeth’s life. But, John Proctor expressed himself as an upright man. He proved many things with the case and even was awarded a second chance to live before he be hanged. Such a thing would not come of any honor but come of disgrace and embarrassment. He chose to die a man of his name with honor and pride because he knew what was right and knew he would not win† I say- I say- God is Dead!† (Page: 198: John Proctor). This quote means John has changed and come to conclusion of things in the story. Although he is portraying things as if Abigail was not lying, he knew he could not fight a losing war. As to him, it was better to die the man he knew himself for and a man of his own name. Even to the moment of impact, John felt peace and change with himself before he was hanged because he died and honest, upright, and blunt-spoken man.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Training Evaluation

Employee training programs in an organization are very important, they provide a focused training to employees who are either one time basis or a recurring basis. Training programs in an organization can either be developed in-house or the organization can opt to attend programs which are more generic such as colleges, universities or attend training centers, (Sims, 2002). Ryan door should come up with a training program which is whole and looks to all the details of the company. The first step that Ryan should take is to ensure that training provides employees with skills and knowledge necessary for succeeding in their jobs. This should entail provision of training manuals which show all the requirements for the position that the person is about to take and the manuals are up to date with current required knowledge for the position since they keep on changing from time to time. According (Lawson, 2002), new employees should receive a formal training method which is either in-house or from external sources where they an attend seminars because they are more professional and informed. The person leaving the position should not train the new employee because the same mistakes which the person was committing will probably be passed on. Also read: Training and Development of KFC Employees who had help the position before do not have enough knowledge about the position therefore they should also not be used. Second step is to improvise a well structured plan which starts by reviewing company's objectives and evaluating whether the existing training program covers the objectives and if not, decide on the additional training needed to match company needs and employee needs and close the gap. In this case therefore, it is clear that the employees of Ryan door lack enough skills in their jobs and additional training should be provided to employees in the door-design department. This can be done by taking them on step by step door production process, encouraging them to work with the architects and clearly be taught on the specifications and proportions which they need to used so that wastage of resources can be minimized and losses avoided. Ryan should also come up with a simpler way of preparing customers orders, this can be done by ensuring that the orders are clear and the employees knows the different customers available as well what should be filled in the form. New employees on the job should be provided with good training from a formal source which either in built or external. According to (Sims, 2002), the training should not only be based on the position which the person is taking in the organization but rather, they should be diverged to a variety of topics which are associated to the entire work environment. These diverse topics should address cases such as communication. This is where the employees are trained on how well they can communicate either with their co-workers, immediate supervisors or the upper management about issues affecting them. Ryan door should therefore provide efficient and effective communication systems so that instead of employees doing their work contrary to what the president wants, they can communicate their problems and therefore ease the arguments which occur between the president, supervisors and employees. Another topic to be trained on is on quality initiatives and customer service initiative. Ryan employees should be trained on how to come up with quality products for the customers so that they can get quality service for their money. Other topics should include safety, sexual harassment and computer skills among others, (Noe, 1998). Third is to ensure that employees should be trained differently depending on the position and the work which he/she is going to do. Ryan should come up with a training procedure which focuses on independent persons and requirements for their posts. For example, persons working with the machines should be given training which is practical and shows them how to run the machines, for secretaries, they should be shown how to attend to the president and the visitors and does not necessarily need to be practical. This therefore shows that the employees need to be trained differently because the job requirements are different. After all this is provided in the training, Ryan should develop a training rollout plan for the organization. This is meant to ensure that the training program is effective and efficient and can be used in future training of employees. The rollout plan should include project planning, project commencement, implementation and its control. It is clear from the training program in Ryan that the training does not meet the needs for the position that is given to them. Ryan therefore should evaluate their training program to check whether it has been effective, this can be done by giving the trainees some chores related to the training which they have undertaken and check whether they are able to carry them out. If yes, the training program will be good and should be adopted otherwise any problem should be looked into and the style changed to ensure good results. The trainees should then be provided with a certificate of participation which is meant to recognize their efforts they have applied during training. In conclusion, Ryan needs to evaluate their training program timely and severally and the employees should also be evaluated by comparing the newly acquired skills with the skills defined in the objectives. Any discrepancies noted should be adjusted so that the program can meet the organization's goals. The president of Ryan should know that any training program fails to accomplish expectations due to failure of evaluating the process. Timely evaluation prevents training from straying from the organizations objectives and goals.