The Coffee Crisis Essay Example for Free

The Coffee Crisis EssayIntroduction In 2011, Diego Comin, Associate Professor of pipeline Administration at Harvard Business School, revised his 2009 case study on the Great Moderation (reproduced by permission for Capella University, 2011). The case explores whether or non the Great Moderation, defined by investopedia. com as the period of decreased macro frugal excitableness get wordd in the United States since the 1980s during which the standard deviation of quarterly existing gross domestic product declined by half, and the standard deviation of inflation declined by two-thirds (para.1) is still in effect. This paper will use evidence from research in a draft by Pancrazi and Vukotic (2011) that proposes macro frugal variables in the last thirty years give up not only experienced a reduction in their overall volatility, but to a fault an addition in their persistence (p. 2). The 2011 research paper also purports that by using a New-Keynesian macro frugal model the resp onsiveness of surfaceput variance to changes in the monetary policy decreases with an development in the persistence of technology (p. 2). The result, according to Pancrazi and Vukotic, is an overestimate of the monetary influence and authority to smooth out the real economic dynamics (p. 2). The Great Moderation and the The Great Recession. Comin, in The Great Moderation, Dead or Alive? (Capella, 2011), quotes Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve reduced macroeconomic volatility has numerous benefits. Lower volatility of inflation improves market functioning, makes economic planning easier, and reduces the resources devoted to hedging inflation risks.Lower volatility of output tends to imply to a greater extent stable employment and a reduction in the extent of economic uncertainty confronting households and firms. The reduction in the volatility of output is also closely associated with the feature that recessions have perform less frequent and less severe (p. 17). Comin points out that these conditions existed until the Great Recession of 2007 when the U. S. and other countries experienced the farseeingest period of recession and the largest GDP contraction in the U. S. since the Great Depression (p. 17). In Overlooking the Great Moderation, Consequences for the Monetary Policy (2011), the researchers hypothesize that the Great Moderation might have been strong ground for the recent recession (p. 3), in that technology caused an increased persistence in the macroeconomic variables (p. 4). Macroeconomic Observations. To summarize Comins (2011) account of macroeconomic exertion in the U. S between 1930 and 2010, when observing the GDP during this period, he says, it is clear that since around 1984 it has been harder to observe large deviations from the average growth rate (p.17). When examining other macroeconomic variables, Comin says that hours worked, consumption, investment, labor productivity, and total factor productivity (TFP), hav e, for the most part, experienced stabilization by roughly the same magnitude, where the stock market has not stabilized significantly. If anything, it has become more volatile over the last few decades (p. 18). Pancrazi and Vukotic focus their research on studying the behavior of the total factor productivity (TFP) before and by and by the Great Moderation (p.4)by using a basic New-Keynesian model featuring imperfect completion and price stickiness, to ascertain whether a change in the persistence of TFP affects the responsiveness of the real variables to the monetary policy (p. 6). Their observations include an examination of the stability of TFP and an assessment that a higher Microeconomic impact of the coffee crisis. The case study conveys that coffee was the principal(prenominal) source of income for roughly 25 million farmers, mostly small land holders, in Latin America, Africa, and Asia (p.1). The coffee crisis created immense hardship for these small producers in both(pr enominal) countries, farmers had been forced to take their children out of school and put them to work (p. 1). One of the consequences of the coffee crisis that was less publicized was how larger farms and their workers were devastated. Large farms generally do not use non-cash family workers, like many of the smaller farmers do as a result of the crisis, many workers were laid off, subsequently putting larger farms completely out of business.(Price, 2003) Where some producers chose to get out of the coffee business and venture into unknown territory with a new crop, others either attempted to break into the coffee time out market or decrease their outputs. (Line Tickell, 2003) In the ICO report on the impact the coffee crisis has had on poverty, the socio-economic impact reported by the respondent countries is filled with narratives that key families and farmers who worked in the coffee industry unable to pass for medicine, food, and other essentials.Families are also reported to have migrated to cities, where there is typically no work for skilful farmers some countries report that workers have migrated leaving their families behind. (Osorio, 2003) Solutions for long term sustainability. The case study presents an outline of solutions recommended by the ICO, Technoserve (as reported to the Inter-American Development Bank) and Oxfam. The Coffee Crisis states that, according to Oxfam, the long run solutionwas a commitment to fair trade a system in which a buyer in the first world agrees to pay third-world producers enough to support a decent living (p.5). Oxfam says that the fair trade movement was designed to provide an assured income and other benefits to the farmers associated with it (Line Tickell, 2003, p. 8). Technoserve believes the following three areas fracture the highest potential for sustainable impact 1. Increasing coffee consumption in producer countries and emerging market countries 2. Assisting unprofitable producers of high-quality Ara bica to move into higher-priced specialty coffees and 3.Helping regions with a high concentration of marginal coffee producers who cannot differentiate their product or compete on price to diversify into other products and industries (para. 15 16). In June, 2004, genus Nestor Osorio of the ICO presented to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) a report titled Lessons Learned from the Coffee Crisis A Serious Problem for Sustainable Development. In it he outlines the economic strategies he believed would prevent a future crisis and assist coffee producer toward semipermanent sustainability.Two proposed policies address the supply-demand problem 1. To use the experience of the coffee crisis to create awareness best achieved through the ICO in national and international bodies of the danger of embarking on any projects or programmes (sic) which will further increase supply and 2. Working to increase the benefits accruing from value-added products rather t han traditional bulk commodity exports. Osorio recognizes the importance of the need for market development to increase demand (p. 5) also.He says that projects intend to benefit the supply chain should include actions from farmer to consumer, as well as farmer to exporter. These include 1. Support for the ICOs Quality-Improvement Programme as a means of improving consumer appreciation and consumption of coffee 2. Action to increase consumption in coffee-producing countries themselves, which should have a number of positive effects such as providing an alternative market outlet, increasing producer awareness of consumer preferences, stimulation of small and medium enterprises, etc. as well as acting to increase demand3. Action to enhance knowledge and appreciation of coffee in large emerging markets such as Russia and China, following the successful ICO campaigns in the mid-nineties and 4. Protecting consumption levels in traditional markets through quality maintenance, development of niche markets and dissemination of positive information on the health benefits of coffee consumption. (p. 5-6). coating The coffee market has been described as an imperfect market a market that in recent years has failed both in human and economic terms (Lines Tickell, 2003, p. 8). The coffee crisis illuminated the impact the market had on international trade, national economies, businesses and families many in underdeveloped, low income countries. Because the regions where coffee can be heavy(a) are also many times third-world or repressed countries, coffee production is considered a humanitarian concern as well as an economic issue. Where an organization like Technoserve may lean toward business partnership solutions for the coffee industry, and Oxfam may concentrate on the humanitarian perspective, the International Coffee Organization appears to have taken a balanced approach in presenting the plight of coffee producers from both altruistic and economic perspectives.Wh ere it is understood that many depressed areas and nations depend on coffee crops for sustenance, the ICO has taken a stand that the lessons learned from the coffee crisis must be solved with the tenets of economics, coupled with social responsibility, if families, farms, businesses and coffee-producing nations are going to achieve long-term sustainability. References Capella University. (Eds. ). (2011). MBA6008 Global Economic Environment.New York, NY McGraw-Hill. Lines, T. , Tickell, S. (2003, whitethorn 1). Walk the Talk, Oxfam International Briefing Paper, May, 2003. Oxfam International Working together to find lasting solutions to poverty and injustice.Retrieved May 5, 2012, from www. oxfam. org/sites/www. oxfam. org/files/walk. pdf Osorio, N. (2002). ICO. org Documents/Global Crisis. International Coffee Organization. Retrieved May 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/globalcrisise. pdf Osorio, N. (2003). ICO. org Documents/G-8.International Coffee Organization. Retrieved M ay 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/g8e. pdf Osorio, N. (2004). ICO. org Documents/UNCTAD. International Coffee Organization. Retrieved May 4, 2012, from dev. ico. org/documents/UNCTAD. pdf Prince, M. (2003, December 3). CoffeeGeek Coffee CrisisTechnoServe Releases Fact-Based Industry Analysis. CoffeeGeek News, Reviews, Opinion and biotic community for Coffee and Espresso. Retrieved May 5, 2012, from http//coffeegeek. com/resources/pressreleases/technoservedec42003.

Dancing with self beauty alice walker Essay Example for Free

Dancing with self beauty alice walker EssayWhat is a scar? A scar is something that can be cover but never erased. Scars can transmit a persons self-esteem and self- worth, relationship with passel, and your perception of yourself. A scar can encourage you find beauty deep down inside just want Alice Walker did. Scars cannot tear you down you are the further one can, its either you acknowledge a lie or just accept the true you, which one would you choose? Walker also had problems with self-esteem in her life when her brother smack her in the eye with a BB-gun that left one of her eyes blind. According to walker her life was over For six years I do not stare at anyone, beca rehearse I do not raise my head. I grew up a tomboy who played with nothing but boys and perchance one or two girls. I was always happy, and a just a astronomical jokers until I started my middle school year and identified whisker on my chin. I declare suffered with this problem for the longest. I co nsidered myself as different from most girls. When I got the hair on my chin I did not expect to be bothered with anybody, I used to hold my head down and kind of slouch so no one wouldnt see it.My undivided attitude changed I went from the girl who used to love herself so very much into the girl who couldnt stand to explore in the mirror. But that shouldve break changed me nor Walker because you cant look down on yourself just because you get down a scar you are who you are no matter if its there or not. The scar also changed the relationship with her cognates. From the article Everyday life by K. Nola Mokeyane she said siblings relationships are important factor of childrens social and emotional development.The Child Welfare Information Gateway notes that through their relationship with their siblings, children learn skills such as conflict resolution and negotiation healthy relationships also provide siblings with a support network. As with anything in life, siblings relati onships have positive and negative aspects. Walker started to develop to like on sibling more than the other brother. One of the siblings brought both positive and negative change in her life. The brother who shot her with the BB gun when she was younger and made a big difference in her life and she just was less closer to him just like any other siblings in life.What the matter with your eye? they ask, critically. When I feignt answer with (I cannot decide whether it was an accident or not), they shove me, insist on a fight. My brother, the one who created the story about the wire, comes to my rescue. But then brags so much about protecting me, I become sick. It seems like she is still never forgave her brother for what he had befoole to her eye and began to not really like him as much. Since her brother was kind of a part of the accident so she kind of liked him better. For some reason he understood her more. He is my darling brother and there is a strong bond between us.Under standing my feelings of shame and ugliness he and his wife take me to a local hospital, where the testicle is removed by a doctor named 0. Henry. There is still a small bluish crater where the scar tissue was, but the ugly white stuff is gone. I to can relate to her by this I had a problem with the hair under my chin still to this very day and my bring wanted to help me out by getting lazer hair remover but I insist on doing so because it really wouldnt lick a difference if I got it removed or not, sometime down the line it still was going to be there no matter what I did.It is so much that family members are siblings can do for you, but you are the one who really have to decide what you are going to do with yourself. People dont make you and how they change you, you do. According to Answers in Writing Sometime we imagine ourselves as different than what we really are one way at least we picture ourselves as this, yet in reality we do not fit this picture. We think we are kind gentle, when in truth we have very little patience for things. We may see ourselves, it is honorable to see ourselves as exemplary students, but we hate to be wrong.However we picture ourselves, it is good to see ourselves for who we really are. Perception can be transfered, whether it is how we see the world or how we see ourselves. All it take is a little honesty, without trying to make ourselves feel better, which is what we usually do when we see what we call faults in ourselves. We try to feel better about it, and this often means we find ways to alter behavior. We try to change how we are to supplement our perceived faults. We are far better off just seeing ourselves for who we are, leaving it at that. Walker use to be the prettiest girl that knew she was pretty and now she is kind of confused.She is worried about what other people think which is stopping her from seeing the positive in her life. eld later, in the throes of mid-life crisis, I ask my mother and sister whethe r I changed after the accident. No, they say, puzzled. What do you mean? What do I mean? Walker was misgiving herself about who she really was are did she change and she wanted to see what other people such as her family and how they viewed her too. But it was all in the mind of how she aphorism herself. That night, as I do every night, I abuse my eye. I rant and rave at it, in front of the mirror.I plead with it to fool up before morning. I tell it I hate and despise it. I do not pray for sight. I pray for vision. She must have really seen herself as this person who so ugly until she got it removed but that didnt change her she had to see herself from within. Many times I put myself in situation where I just look in the mirror and wish some things would go anyway but it doesnt, you can put make up on, put hair on your head but it want change anything. Walker finally sees herself as this beautiful person. She keep questioning herself You did not change they say. But she finally realizing everything when she is by her daughter and she is talking to her daughter. Walker says Since the birth of her daughter she has worried about her discovery that her mothers eyes are different from others peoples. Will she be embarrassed? I think. What will she say? Every day she watches a television program called Big Blue Marble. It begin with a picture of earth as it appears from moon. When walker was putting her baby to sleep her daughter Rebecca focus on her eye. She began wanted to protect herself but her daughter didnt see her eye as such ugliness her daughter tells her there is a world in her eyes.From the perception of her daughter she began to accept herself. Yes indeed , I realized, looking into the mirror. There was a world in my eyes. And I saw it was possible to love it. In conclusion scar is something that can be covered but never erased. Scars can change a persons self-esteem and self- worth, relationship with people, and your perception of yourself. It woul d not make you who you are you can only make you who you are. Theirs is nothing no one can do to change it. You can never change something and in my eyes she never changed. She still look back and think about her eye.

Gas Solid Chromatography And Gas Liquid Chromatography Chemistry Essay

grease-gun Solid Chromatography And Gas Liquid Chromatography Chemistry experimentGas chromatography primary(prenominal)ly consists of Gas impregnable chromatography and Gas naiant chromatography, in both types splash is utilize as mobile frame and either solid or liquid utilize as stationary phase. Gas solid chromatography is not used widely because of limited number of stationary phases available. In Gas solid chromatography, the principle of insulation is adsorption. Its mainly used for solutes which having less solubility in stationary phase.Principle and criteria required for catalyst chromatographyPrinciple of separation in Gas liquid chromatography is partition only.Gas is used as mobile phase and the liquid is coated on a solid support used as stationary phase. Hence those compounds move be separated according to their partition-coefficients.Criteria for the compounds to be analysed by gas chromatography atomic number 18 volataility and thermostability.Liquid Chr omatographyLiquid chromatography is a separation technique in which the mobile phase is a liquid. Liquid chromatography brush off be carried out either in a mainstay or a plane. Liquid chromatography it utilizes actually small amount of particles and relatively high pressure is applied called as high performance liquid chromatography.Liquid chromatography mainly draw as non-instrumental method. Since audition doesnt need to vaporize as like in gas chromatography. Potentially any compound can be analysed by this method. Elution can be done by surface adsorbtion , solvent partitioning, ion-exchange , relative solute size , and relative solubility. Both solute and solvents are attached to the polar sites on stationary phaseSelection of solventIts is depend upon various factors such as Solvent strength , polarity index.2. Using of more than one towboat in gas and liquid chromatography The significant advantage over single column system rather than one or ii dimensional systems a re linked in such a way that individual or group peaks are transfer from one column to another column for increment in resolution. divers(a) things supporting for exploitation of 4-dimensional systems are by observing results from various journals such as-Increase in resolution better separationShortly summary time Faster resultsAvoidence of column and detector contamination Increase of volume lifetime and reliabilityIncrease in sensitivity improved detection by removal of overlapped peaks.Using of combinational approach for the improvement of conditional probabilities.To improve the analyte signal probability, nothing but Application of hyphenation.To minimize model residual error.The main approaches for using more than one or two columns in chromatography or analytical seperations are as follows1.Enrcihment2.Heart- splayting3.Back-flushing1. Enrichment This is the main approach that to identify or increase in amounts of trace components.Initially pre-concentration of trac e elements can be packed on a column, and then more tests can be placed on packed column than a capillary.2. Heart-cutting For a knotty mixture containing not only single column to resolve the all components of interest and very thumping peaks may appears those may masks the other components , by passing the resolved area to second column can be used to treat heart-cutting or cut and transfer.The main use of heartcutting inmulti dimensional chromatography either gas or liquid is the physical separation of a few trace target compounds in the strawman of major interferences. The complete multi dimensional characterization of a sample requires a unlike approach.The arrangement of the adjacent heartcuts are performed within the samerun. By this we able to control out the maximum peak capacity of a system averagely.The second column using in like manner must having different polarity from first column.3.Back-flushingIf the sample contains both volatile and non-volatile substances r espectively, the total experiment should have to done in one direction only. For this reason only one column is needed.In convening operations descend normally occers , after all faster eluting species has resolved. The nourish is switch, reversing the flow.In reverse phase For high moleculer weight species it would evolves and finally first stack of column to done the separation.Back-flushing reverse modeBackground work for Multi Dimensional ChromatographyIt represents a powerfull tool and an alternative procedure to classical one dimensional gamey performance liquid chromatography. To obtain multiheartcut, 2-D GC has been developed. Narrow slices of effluent are periodically injected through a primary column into a short, high-speed subaltern column. Components which are not resolved in the first dimension undergo a second separation tone of voice. The process is analogous to routine GC/MS and is also k flatn as comprehensive 2-D GC. In both processes, the entire sample is sliced into narrow packets for further analyzation. The practical implementation of comprehensive 2-D GC is done by brainchild of Phillips who invented a thermal modulator as a sample introduction device. The main origin of multi dimensional gas and liquid chromatography is lies in planar chromatography i.e., partition between a liquid moving by capillary action across a strip of paper presented with second liquid. roughly of the devolepments in past two decades, how ever, The multi dimensional chromatography is using for quantitative measurements.Introduction to Multi Dimensional Gas and Liquid ChromatographyMultidimensional chromatography is also known as coupled column chromatography or column switching chromatography or multiphase chromatography or boxcar chromatography or sequential abridgment.Multidimensional chromatography includes the separation of complex mixtures by using triple columns with different stationary phases. Those columns are coupled orthogonally, that the fr actions from first column can be selectively transferred to the other columns for additional separation.This enables separation of trace elements from complex mixtures that cannot be separated by using a single column.Multi dimensional systems in chromatographyA chromatographic dimension is determined as a constant value of the distribution constant of an analyte within the same analytic thinking. The experimental arrangements leading to its change within one run (such as different stationary phases, different temperatures) fit to multidimensional chromatography systems.Multi dimensional switching in chromatographyA switching dimension is sample inlet-separation part-detector within one synopsis run. An experimental arrangement leading to coevals of any part of the path of the moving object belongs to multi-dimensional switching systems.In multidimensional chromatography, the distribution constant is diferent in each part, and thus the analytes leave behind carry on different by them. Therefore, the separation in a one-dimensional system will be enhanced in proportion to the number of chromatographic dimensiones.It is describes that the multidimensional chromatography without mulditimensional switchning (temperature or program modes) and multidimensional switching without multidimensional chromatography.Hyphenated techniques can be both multidimensional separation systems (HPLC-GC) and multidimesional switching systems (FID-MS). Interfaces of different techniques (GC-FTIR) are very often considered as hyphenation but they are not necessarily multidimensional.In multidimensional chromatography, the distribution constant is different in each dimension, and thus the analytes will behave differently in them. The separation will be enhanced in proportion to the number of chromatographic dimensions.InstrumentationMulti dimensional Gas and liquid chromatography in general those injecting of samples viaGas injectorLiquid injector1.Gas injector This instrument is a controlled analyzer chamber which contains 6-way diaphragm valve and an injector loop in switching position A)clear path of the value the sample flows continuously over connections 5,6,3,4 through the injector loop, while the carrier gas supplies the separation column via the path1 and 2.In switching position B) dotted path samples is shorted via 5,4 the carrier gas flushes the samples which was measured in the injector loop to the separation column via 1,6,3,2 after the completion of the injection , time of injection will takes nearly 1 to 10 sec. duty period back to switching position A occurs .For gas injection , volume between 0.5 and 3ml are used depends upon analytical needs.2.Liquid injector Liquid samples can be introduced in liquid form. The requiredamount of liquid is the vapourized and supplied to the separation coloumn as a gas by using liquid gas injector valve which consists of 3 sections the pneumatic get hold of , sample through the vapourization system.Those techniques can be available with the multi dimensional gas and liquid chromatography areMulti dimensional Thin Layer chromatographyMulti dimensional Gas ChromatographyMulti dimensional High Performance Liquid ChromatographyMulti dimensional by using on-line coupled HPLC and capillary gas chromatographyMulti dimensional super critical fluid chromatographyradical high pressure multi dimensional liquid chromatographyInterpretation of results Chemometric study may useful for study of highly fused peaks, when multi channel detectors are used , this chemometric analysis is successful when they having potential peaks may occering with in chromatographic peaks , the chemometric methods automated so as to defuse regions of a chromatogram.Only problem with this technique when having one dimensional data and its mainly applicable for proteomics.Advantages of Multi dimensional chromatographyOver one dimensional and two dimensional systemsIn both gas and liquid chromatographic systemsMainly incl udes the separation of complex mixtures those cannot be separated by using a single column. Some of the separations can be done by multi dimensional chromatography are given below those are the main advantages for the multi dimensional liquid chromatography.Increase in resolutionShorter analysis systemExtended column life descend in detection limitsPreventing detector contaminationDisadvantages of multi dimensional chromatographic systemsDetection through liquid chromatography may have limited sensitivity and thus for subvert analytes .Its necessary to introduce a concentration step.Requirements for multi dimensional systems(Both Gas and Liquid chromatographic systems)Those requirements for collaborative study or validated things for multidimensional system isspeedy analysisIf the samples having like high boiling point range , necessary to backflush the all components eluting from the first column after the components of interest have been transferred. This ensures an exact analysi s and this end as well as clean analysing path for the next analysis.PrecissionThe measured things should be separate entirely from any interfearing ones are coupling columns and using heart cutting technique those can be estimated quantitatively.ReliabilityBy these pre-separation with first column and by transferring only the peak interest into second column that is the main analytical column and detector contamination can be prevented that may interrupt analysis.Wide range of analysisThose components of different techniques having different techniques and having different characteristics such as boiling point , polarity and by using the same analytical system and the analytical method can be selected for optimal separation.Applications for multi dimensional gas and liquid chromatographyCommon applications forMultidimensional Liquid Chromatography are Proteins and peptides Drug isolation from urine and plasma Polysaccharides Homopolymers, oligomers, copolymers Surfactants Polycycl ic aromatic hydrocarbons DNA fragmentsThe most all-important(a) application and the recent trend for this multi dimensional chromatography is proteomics, The complex protein is separated by multi-dimensional liquid chromatography instead of using the two dimensional gel electrophoresis.Recent results obtained from journals through duple dimensional chromatography systemIdentification of selenium species in urine by ion-pairing HPLC-ICP-MSElemental Speciation by LC-ICP-MS A Practical Tool for environmental Analysis moment of metal ions on the molecular weight distribution of humic substances derived from municipal compost ultrafiltration and SEC with spectrophotometric and ICP-MS detectionEnvironmentally friendly sample treatment for speciation analysis by hyphenated techniques. Green Chemistry. intimation humic and fulvic acids determination in natural water by cloud point extraction/ preconcentration using non-ionic and cationic surfactants and a FI-system with spectrophotometric detection.Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass SpectrometrySequential extractions of selenium soils total selenium and speciation measurements with ICP-MS detection.Elemental Speciation. Ecotoxicology and Environmental SafetyElemental Speciation Studies, New Directions for Trace Metal Analysis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental SafetyPreliminary Studies on Selenium-Containing Proteins in Brassica juncea by Size Exclusion Chromatography and Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography Coupled to ICPMS.Additives in polymers with child(p) scale analysis of yeast proteome by multiple dimensional protein identification technologyPhosphorous speciation in functional foodsApplications in industrial analysisEnvironmental analysis solves complex problems in environmental analysisUsed to study peptidones and peptidomics by selective protein humiliation turnover of enzymes can be studiedWe can list the following areas prime targets e.g essential oil and natural products analysis, chira l analysis (e.g fragrances) trace multi residue analysis, pesticide monitoring, petroleum products application, in fact any separation patently and greater resolution and sensitivity is mainly required.Determination of PCBS (Poly chlorinated bi-phenyls)Rapid determination of isoprenes.Proteome analysis of low-abundance proteins using the global profiling of endogenous small proteins and peptides of Selective protein degradation and to study turnover of enzymes e.g Ubiquitin-proteasome , endosome-lysozome.etc.Solid phase, synthesis reagents and automated scrrening systems by multi dimensional chromatography coupled with bunch spectrometry.In environmental analysis it might be used for solving of complex problems in environmental analysis.Multi dimension chromatography is used as bio-marker for discoveryEspecially for ovarian cancer and brest cancerRecent trends in Multi dimensional gas and liquid chromatographyWith respect to multi dimensional chromatography lots of applications i n bio-technology, earlier many electrophoresis techniques were used to analyze the DNA or such compounds. And now the major analytical separations are going through the multi dimensional chromatography and analysis of petroleum in Egypt also and for purification of proteins.Coupled multi dimensional chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry systems for complex peptide mixture analysis.SCX-RP/MS/MSSCX/RP/MS/MSHPLC using monolithic silica columnsRP-RP 2D HPLCusing two different columnsRP-RP 2D HPLCusing two similar columnsIon-exchange reversed phase 2D-HPLC using a monolithic column for two dimensional.IEX-RP 2D HPLC using a monolithic RP capillary column for two dimensional.SCX/RP/MS/MSMUDPITProteome analysis or ProteomicsIts a biochemical method which is using instead of two dimension gel electrophoresis, its mainly require very low flow rates in combination with small inner diameter columns for its high detection sensitivity.The micro valve, with low internal volume, can be posit ioned closely to the mass spectrometer for highest separation performance. In the first dimension, fractions of the peptide mixture elute from an ion exchange column by using a salt step gradient. Then each fraction is trapped on a small reversed-phase trapping column and then separated after the valve switches to a reversed column (the second dimension). Then the trapping column is first used to prevent salt from entering the mass spectrometer (ion suppression). Second, the column allows an enrichment step, which together with the low flow rate in the 2nd dimension provides high detection sensitivity.ConclusionFor the growing importance and to determination of various analytes like those present in complex mixtures such a techniques like multi dimensional chromatography are being proposed and those techniques having importance because of their precission and reliability and rapid analysis of samples , now-a-days these techniques might be used as bio-markers and also through such a improvement we achieved by this multi dimensional chromatographic systems are more advanced than orthogonal systems and two dimensional systems. This technique having various applications in industrial analysis and environmental analysis and as well as bio-markers and useful to identify trace amounts in complex mixtures.

Analysis Of LOreal Garnier Maybelline Products

Analysis Of LOreal Garnier Maybelline Products1. IntroductionThe rising dash of industrialization and developing expertise in interaction and shipment allow the guests to retrieve and interpret a large diversity of goods and facilities from other nations. The token that clients frequently assess the foreign goods protestently in contrast to topical anesthetic goods has been discovered by prior investigations (Wang et al., 2004). It has been stated that clients of progressed nations prefer topical anaestheticly valet de chambreufactured goods as against foreign made unrivalleds (Bilkey Nes, 2002) while users from progressing nations save foreign harvest-tides over locally made ones (Wang et al., 2004). The idea behind this being that they consider foreign goods to be of superior whole tone in contrast to local goods and also individuals equate using overseas products as being a status symbol or as being swanky.The number of users in highly- create nations for example India or China ar more in number and have access to goods that ar manufactured in western or developed countries. In such a competitive environment, vendors essentially need to understand the reasons behind users of developing nations selecting goods of other countries merchandise or internal. Client choices think to sliceicular pro put down creations must be considered not to be a string of unlinked and independent options, these choices involve equations between personal, items or creations state Hogg and Michell (2006).It is accepted that one postulate to comprehend client conduct in context to twain domestic and foreign goods as overseas marketing is fast becoming an essential part of the global financial systems (Netemeyer et al., 2001). Several investigations cogitate to this subject be centered on what are the name and the mess of belonging catch investigate the stylus how clients scrutinize goods introduced from specific countries. Older studies which have inv estigated the location of belonging influence have scrutinized item grades such as unalike cars, footwear, video players and groceries for clients located in Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Holland, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, and the USA and some(prenominal) others (Ahmed and dAstous, 2006 and Elliott and Cameron, 2004).Several re counters in Europe have examined the influence of the place of origin on selection public opinionpoints (Ettenson, 2003 Liefeld et al., 2006), good representation (Peris et al., 2003), client outlooks, and the produced in Europe notion (Schweiger et al., 2005), client viewpoint and the created in Europe concept.The development and sustenance of the local manufacturing segment in noninterventionist economy depends on how clients like the goods manufactured in that particular country. Local manufacturers face tough competition from many foreign products which have made their mark globally. This is especially relevant in emerging cou ntries whose manufacturing is restricted to primary products. It is in such nations that the development of manufacturing sectors faces hurdles as clients prefer using foreign goods from developed nations as against domestic ones or ones from lesser developed countries (Ettenson 2003).The twenty first century is witnessing the usage of extravagant products (Kapferer and Bastien, 2009) though the number of firms marketing extravagant goods is very low (Uche Okwonko, 2007). All individuals hope lavish goods especially as far as trendable goods are concerned. Despite the era of industrial revolution, the first or second world wars or liberalization the past centuries have observed that several opulent patsys have made their mark globally. The era of internationalization has outcomeed in the availability of several sources of opulence. This is the result of the role played by growth of businesses, financial systems, new businesses, rise in spending by people and even interactions. T his is bare by the fact there are reputed Japanese luxury scrapes in European countries which employ Chinese silk as raw substance for manufacturing goods (Kapferer and Bastien, 2009). This has resulted in people globally being aware of the international fashion fire snitchs.The current days have seen the diminishing of societal division. However individuals are yet potential to differentiate class in community by the leader and individuals who are wealthy like to display their wealth and opulent lifestyle. Thus luxury has begun to indicate superior choice and currency which every individual desires.One of the emerging nations from which several products of different nations are imported is UAE. 2006 saw the import take account touch 125,975 million US vaulting horses which is expect to touch 137,943 million US dollars by 2007 (World Bank 2007, as quoted in Chaisitthiroj, 2007). Studies undertaken previously deduced that the approach towards international products as against l ocal brands was more affirmative as they considered global brands to be of superior quality (Masayavanij, 2007. This was in line with the investigation undertaken by Cengiz Kirkbir (2007) which concluded that people in emerging nations consider overseas goods to be of superior quality and more dependable as against locally manufactured goods. Simultaneously another investigation related to UAE client approach and outlook related to international as against local clothes deduced that UAE individuals prefer foreign clothes on account of their better resiliency, quality, good looks, fashionable appearance, and brand name and style because they are made in nations that have advanced expertise. As a result, UAE clients prefer to buy foreign clothes (Sae-Jiu, 2007). Another study also deduced that UAE clients considered overseas brands to be much better in terms of quality and expense for money as against local clothes (Suvachart, 2002) and the nature of UAE clients is such that they e mphasize on quality and prefer to pay more for foreign brands. Thus, foreign brands signifi rafttly influence the outlook and conduct of UAE clients.Ukpebor and Ipogah (2008) opine that a secure brand is likely to improve a clients approach power related to the product linkage of a brand. As Vranesevic and Stancec (2003), have asserted the signifi stackce of a brand is evident by how it influences the clients options and their allegiance by recognizing and distinguishing not only quality and source but by developing augmented worth. One of the advance policies is that a strong brand can seize the attention of a client. In emerging countries, clients have specific anticipations from the brands are inclined to depend on the brand as a mark to buy goods (Reardon et al., 2005).Despite, the luxury segment being tiny in contrast to other firms globally, the luxury fashion segment has been a multi-billion dollar segment globally. It is important in driving the economy and impacting the c ontemporary society. Chadha and Husband (2006) further stated that the democratization of luxury brands in the nineties allowed common man to access fashionable goods. Also one can find luxury present at every place in the current times (Kapferer and Bastien, 2009).2. occupation StatementOverseas goods are frequently evaluated in a different manner as compared to parallel domestic products by users (Herche, 2002). The location of belonging influence re pursuit undertaken in majority of developed countries has pointed out that if information related to a product is insufficient then users choose domestic branded articles in lieu of global goods (Bilkey and Nes, 2002). Clients oftentimes form opinions related to the standard of the apparel based on the mannequin wearing clothes (Dickerson, 2002). To be specific, the outlook of criteria associated with imported clothes was not regarded to be as important. However, there appears to be a direct relation amongst evaluations of evaluation of domestic products and the norm of monetary development of the location of belonging (Gaedeke, 2003).On the other hand, a contrasting style of location of belonging investigations can often be viewed in lesser developed nations where clients unfeignedly select imported goods in contrast to locally manufactured ones (Agbonifoh and Elimimian, 2009).This is more likely to be seen in situations when imported products are related to evident buys (Marcoux et al., 2007 Piron, 2000). Clients often buy and use luxurious foreign goods to keep up with the joneses or baffle others instead of the monetary aspect or real application of the products (Mason, 2001). This has not been limited to the affluent section of the society but can be witnessed across the entire society and income divisions including the poor and the rich (Mason, 2001 Basmann et al., 2008).This is evident by fashionable apparel are ones which are noticeable and also a mark of standing in society (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2004) .As has been put forth by Chaisitthiroj (2007), the apricot segment is one sector in the market that clients have several options of imported goods and they are regarded to be swell-known for beauty clients. This is evident in UAE as their lifestyles are transforming and becoming more contemporary thanks to the growth and this is visible more so as far as UAE women who reside in the urban regions are concerned (Chaisitthiroj, 2007). Presently, they pay attention to how they look as they consider buying cosmetic goods an extension of their personality.In the words of Cash et al. (2009 as quoted in Guthrie et al., 2008), ladies using beauty products are more contented with how they look including their general appearanceand deem themselves to be more beautiful compared to their friends when they have their piece on. When this investigation was undertaken, UAE was grappling with an economic recession (Bangkok Bank, 2009). Despite the recession, the cosmetic segment has withnessed c ontinous uptrend (growth) (US. commercial service 2008). A tiny role of the cause lies in the fact that beauty brand asset are crucial drivers. It was asserted by Drucker (2005), that during economic recession, people spend money cautiously, so beauty firms depend on promotion and brand name identification to gain revenues.Additionally, the usage of marketing mediums in several novel mediums including internet improves the brand exposure to an extended set of likely clients (Kumar et al., 2006).On the other hand, it has been asserted by Suvachart (2001) that UAE clients have the attribute of being innovators who are likely to shift to new brands or goods thus indicating they are not real brand committed. Additionally, when Speece (2008) studied brand commitment of clients located in Bangkok, it was discovered that only 80-85 percent were committed to brand to goods which required low participation and did not depicted solitary brand commitment.The investigators discovered that ther e was a lack of query related to UAE clients outllok and conduct related to imported makeup goods which is one of the significantly developing market industries in UAE (Wiwutwanichkul, 2007). The subsequent segment leave behind discuss details related to the UAE cosmetic market to offer a general view of the exisitng market scenario and the reason behind undertaking the research forget be discussed.3. Research PurposeThe briny utilisation of this research is to investigate the effect of brand on consumer purchasing finish of foreign makeup product. The outcome of the research would be beneficial to marketing professionals especially in UAE cosmetics-makeup industry to understand the laughingstock consumer-whether brand equity affect their purchasing decision. To what extent the brand equity lie in their purchasing willing be investigated as it will patron foreign brand marketer to see their strengths and weaknesses in their use of brand equity and can improve their performan ce accordingly. At the same time, the research can assist domestic marketers to adapt the know guidege to their marketing plan and activities to satisfy customers and provide the offerings based on the factual consumers needs.4. Research QuestionsTo fulfill the aim and purpose of this study, the authors have formulated the research questions by relying on the background and problem statement as the followingIf and how the personal value, social recognition, and demographic impacts UAE customers for their luxury fashion brand purchases and which marketing strategies should be used to suit their purchasing intention?5. Research AimsThe aim of this research is to identify the influences of brands and its assets on consumers purchase decision. According to the supra discussion, quantitative method was chosen as it best fits the nature and purpose of this study that attempts to understand UAE consumers behaviour in making decision to buy makeup products. Hence, a questionnaire-based surv ey is selected as the major tool in data collection of the study.6. Literature ReviewThe prior research international brands in the gumptious market economies were favoured by the several consumers, along with having a superior class their status is contrast with the local goods as explained by Graham (2004) and Sterngold (2002). India is included among these several consumers in the markets, international brand goods were buying and possess by the rising upper class as mentioned by Cui Li during 2001. According to Arnold Quelch, (2008) and Batra (2007), the product worth among the local brands was identified by the investigators as well as they also pointed out that the consumers in tireless market economies will end up stylishly. In these nations the increasing patriotism and domestic industries will be created by the host governments as explained by Klein (2002), Prahalad Lieberthal (2008). In the up-and-coming markets the international brands hostile response will be ultima tely result by the altering utilization styles as given in these forecasts. This matter is validated by McKinsey published report disrespect identification acknowledge the international brands, local brands were favoured by Chinese consumers and instead of imported brands they have faith on local brands as stated by Dyer (2007). In these markets for transnational firms functioning there is an important inference of fake alarm or unavoidable inclination is there.The globes financial systems constant globalization is considered and up-and-coming market consumers significance is with domestic organizations and transnational firms, closer investigation were needed for the selection between international and local brands in these financial systems by consumers. In the up-and-coming markets information related to the option of consumers for international and domestic brands stays insufficient. If India is illustrated for international brands penchant were identified by many investigato rs as on non-probability samples and perceptual measures they depend. for international brands asserted penchant, on domestic brands real buying the latest investigations depends like exaggeration of penchants and domestic brands were majorly buyed by the Chinese consumers as mentioned by Cui Liu (2001) Kwok (2006). between Chinese consumers preference of international as against domestic brands were influenced by other aspects as proposed by the difference between real conducts and asserted penchants. International and local brands real buying pattern have been contrasted by a small number of investigations in this huge up-and-coming market for deliberating the condition of brand competition. When domestic market situations and good divisions impacts were discovered, among the city consumers in India the preference of international and local brands investigated in this studies and in the up-and-coming market extreme competition between local and international brands. On brand insi ghts and preferences the existing literature is reassess by us and consumers options in up-and-coming markets and several investigative queries were suggested.Secondly, in four main Indian cities that depends on extensive consumer investigation, across several durable and nondurable goods types the buying patterns of local and international brands were analysed by this research. Across good types and geographic markets the international brands differ greatly in buying and possessions as proposed by outcomes. Specific good types were controlled by international brands, in consumables and durable goods the base is acquired by local brands as in the city markets it goes ahead, for consumers share the current war were emphasized. In brand management and marketing policies for both international and local organizations the propositions has been discovered by us. fall guyKotler (2002) states in the product line were one of more items were associated as it is used for identifying the chara cter source of the items is termed as brand. According to Doyle (2002) brand is a specific name, invention or symbol or its combination a product is differentiated by this. For every product an ordinary feature is the brand which nowadays is purchasable on the market. Each brand specialty is the different value in the potential buyers mind. According to Gordon (2003), McEnally and de Chernatony (2009) differentiation is enhanced by the image and reputation of a strong brand on buying behavior it has a positive influence. Powerful brands significance is seen by the marketers and for building up a strong brand as shown in all parturiencys.Familiarity and credibility is the meaning of brand for customers as in their everyday life some contacts were experienced by them so as an indicator brand is used for making a decision while buying new product as stated by Ger (2003). The determinants of product quality is the causal signs that is regarded by brands as it depends if quality is t ruly determined by intrinsic attributes and wait ones as mentioned by Stijn (2000). According to Aaker (2002), in the mind of consumers the familiarity and credibility creates value towards firm, by brand equity use it can be enforced perceived quality, brand loyalty, brand awareness and brand associations.Consumer behaviorConsumers studies the consumer behavior as for a product or service they exchange value as it satisfies their needs as stated by Well Prensky (2006, p.5). Schiffman Kanuk (2000, p.5) mentions that how for spending their available resources that is time, money, effort an individual makes its decision is focused by the consumer behavior study on items related to consumption. With buying consumer behavior consists people experience of feelings, thoughts and their performed action. Environment influences like product appearances, comments taken from other customers, packages, consumers physical actions and advertising were involved.Consumer decision makingThe decis ion making behavior of consumer consists five basic steps. As per most of the researchers these steps are within the same field (Cross 2009). These steps are inclusive of model problem recognition, surgical operation of information search, alternatives evaluation, process of purchase along with post-purchase. However, it is not unavoidable that all purchased need every step (Cross 2009). It is up to the consumer to skip the alternatives evaluation while considering low involvement products.As per Hawkins et al. (2001) there are diversified sides than the process of decision making that are subject to affect consumer behavior that are relevantly external and are internal with influences. All the external influences are benign of social class added by reference group. The internal factors can be noted as exposure, motivation, perception, attention and attitude.Purchase decisionAll kinds of purchase decisions are integral to the process of consumer decision making structure. There a re specific two prior stages information search and aspect of evaluation of alternatives considered by the consumer attendant act to reach stage of purchase decision added by the effects of brands in those stages.After the phase of problem recognition, consumer shifts to the stage of information search and assay information about the quality, price, brand, country of origin and similar issues as per their motivation. Information search can get conducted as a kind of internal search by the consumers past through indirect or direct experience for the product added by external search by marketing materials or different social groups or reference groups. For Hoyer and MacInnis (2007, p.200), the image of brands are actually affected in terms of internal as well as external search for information. For internal search, the respective consumers can recall brands, whereas for external search, they tend to look into availability over shelf while purchasing or suggestion collect from sales person affecting their purchase. This follows evaluation of alternatives that the customers usually have to single out. Brand equity too gets consideration. Alternatives of products are taken into consideration in the customers set of desire. As for instance, brand awareness, where the customer remembers exact brands for specific quality product, he picks the brand immediately.After selection made at evaluation among alternative stage, purchase decision comes in, where concerns are related to the selection of specific product in specific retail outlet added by the amount of purchase.7. Research MethodologyIn this research, both qualitative as well as quantitative methodologies are considered. Individual answers will be included through questionnaire added by survey questionnaire. These are believed to be effective means to fulfill dissertation objectives. Process of qualitative investigation mode enables the subject to get analyzed and offer vivid as well as dependent replies that a re enquired by researcher in the way of providing constructive as well as comprehensive information that other techniques can overlook. This approach offers significant data by answers to research queries in balancing research techniques that are quantitative in structure. Through quantitative process the research data is collected on the basis of different factors that can get measured for patrons activities. Quantitative method relies over statistical analysis. As some separate of the theory are analysed and calculated, there is the end resultant that is numeric and objectivity results derived of them are the resource led out of corrective recommendations. For Kuhn (2001) numbers record exodus from different presumptions and is the skill that never gets replicated through qualitative method added this exodus gets sufficient to start the investigation.Aim of this research is based on identifying the influences of brands added by the assets led over consumers purchase decision. Thu s quantitative method is selected as it best fits specific nature as well as purpose of the study, which attempts to understand particular behavior of UAE consumers in making purchase decision for makeup products. Thus a questionnaire-based survey is conducted as a major tool in the process of data collection for this study.Both the standards are based on numeric studies. Questionnaires as well as intensive interactions are used as they are all impactful in their approach and manner for completing the aims of this study. There were four interactions performed in India added by 150 questionnaire further will be distributed among different individuals. Questionnaires will be distributed at shopping malls as well as luxury outlets. Participants who have got past over the elimination aspects or are proven as luxury customers will be quizzed. Their responses will be used in the research. Collected information will be analysed through statistical tests under the assistant of SPSS.In orde r to comprehend the declarations of the respondents, all the questionnaires will be translated specifically into Arabic added by English version. Determination of attributes is inclusive of conjoint analysis, as pretest will be managed among separate sample that is of 30 respondents in order to assure validity towards the questionnaire. Respondents will be asked to answer the selected questionnaires, and that follows the discussion about the questions that were obscured, like the one on whether they can comprehend the meaning of the questions or if there is ambiguity. Finally, questionnaire gets distributed.Questionnaire designQuestionnaire design will be structured to collect demographic information related to respondents as per their age. Information related to social class is inclusive of occupation, education and income, (as in questions like 1, 2, 3, and 4) by multiple choice questions. As per Fisher (2007) this kind of questions offer the respondents with choices among 3-5 opt ions and interrogate them to choose any one. These questions also do not allow unambiguous options and are mutually exclusive. Application of multiple choice questions for the study respondents behavior for purchasing in questions like 5 to attain frequency for purchasing makeup products. The question 6 looks into the amount of money that get worn-out(a) on buying makeup and lastly, question 7 is about respondents type of makeup products bought mostly. Lastly, as per the Likert scales gets applied to ask respondents for their opinions added by attitudes to choose a position in the five-point scale that represents between strongly agree to strongly disagree (Fisher, 2007, pp.200-200). Likert scale gets applied to the questions from 8-26 for studying respondents attitude for brands and purchase decisions.

Strategic Review of LOreal External Environment

strategic Review of LOreal External EnvironmentThis essay firstly introduce LOreal and their important operations in recent years, and then emphasize to analysis their external environment, such as P.E.S.T analysis, five forces analysis, sector level analysis and result life cycles analysis. And in the end analysis the opportunities and threats which the familiarity faces everywhere next 3-5 years2. Company and Product OverviewThe LOREAL Group is the worlds largest enhancives and beauty keep company and it headquartered in the Paris suburb of Clichy, France. LOREAL has developed activities in the field of cosmetics, concentrating on whisker color, skin c atomic number 18, sun protection, realize, perfumes and hair care. LOREAL is active in the dermatological and pharmaceutical fields. LOREAL is also the top nanoengineering patent-h older in the United States.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E2%80%99OrealIt operates in over 130 countries. It marts 18 brands through two division s, cosmetics and dermatology. The cosmetics division of LOREAL has four subdivisions professional products, consumer products, luxury products and active cosmetics. The dermatology segment includes dermatological and pharmaceutical activities of the company.LOREAL got its start in the hair-color business, only the company soon branched out into newfound(prenominal) cleansing and beauty products. LOREAL now markets over five hundred brands and many thousands of individual products in all sectors of the beauty business hair color, permanents, styling aids, body and skin care, cleansers and fragrances. They are found in all distribution channels, from hair salons and perfumeries to hyper and supermarkets, health/beauty outlets, pharmacies and direct mail.(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Oreal)3. External environmental analysis3.1 P.E.S.T analysisPEST analysis stands for Political, stinting, Social, and Technological analysis and describes a framework of macro-environmental facto rs utilise in the environmental scanning comp one and only(a)nt of strategic management.3.1.1 Political and Legal ForcesThe political challenge is that LOreal should conform to all the different government leadership styles in various countries it operates within. LOreal faced a decline in the dermatology branch led by its Galderma brand due to new legislations governing drugs (Euromonitor, 2005). The EU law affects LOreal. LOreal is limit in their use of certain kinds of chemicals, such as Phthalates which is carcinogenic (The Rules Governing Cosmetic Products in the European Union). LOreal is obligated to produce safe products that do not contain any harmful substances. Also, legislation for advertising is also affecting LOreal. LOreal has to follow the rules set by Advertising Standards Authority. For example, advertisements cannot be misleading that over-exaggerating the functions of a product (The Control of Misleading Advertisements Regulations 1988).Recent policy ripenings in the European Union (EU), that is the safety of cosmetics is directed standards. Seventh Amendment cosmetics directive finally approved by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, It is expected an immediate ban on animal testing products and a total ban on animal testing of cosmetics novel materials, no later than six years to implement the directive.(Anonymous,http//www.jrc.ec.europa.eu/more_information/download/ecvam2.pdfIn addition, It needs an immediate ban on new cosmetics sales (of finished products and au naturel(p) materials) and the experimental animal alternative methods have been tested in ecvam and accept the existence of the ban on the sale of cosmetics, on human health affect to a certain extent. It is thought that LOreal should fully understand these policies, and to avoid a violation of these policies and regulations, strictly control chemical products and related banned substances content3.1.2 Economic Environment AnalysisLOreal should a dapt to all the different economic environments and problems in all countries it operates in. For example in 2004, LOreal was affected by the continued weakness of the dollar sign and other currencies.Economic crisis is a bad news for LOreal, The world GDP is fall sharply from 2007 to 2009, The economic downturn will be a spectacular chanllege for the development of LOrealAlthough the growth last year is below that in 2008 due to the financial crisis, it is fortunate that it still met the target, said Paolo Gasparrini, president of LOreal chinaware, at the 6th China Young Women in Science Fellowship Award Ceremony sponsored by LOreal in Beijing Tuesday. In the first three quarters of 2009, LOreals total rough-cut sales annexd 0.7 percent compared to last year, of which growth in Asia, where the Chinese market is a large contributor, totaled 21.2 percent, he said.(http//msn.huanqiu.com/bizchina/2010-01/700911.html)3.1.3 Social Environment AnalysisThe culture of countries in whic h a business operates can be of particular importance. The culture of a country consists of the values, attitudes and beliefs of its people. (David Campbell, George Stonehouse and Bill Houston 119). For example, with modern standard of living continues to cleanse and the level education get higher and higher, the social increasingly recognize the external image, and people are increasingly commissioning on the image appearance, the request of quality and effectiveness of cosmetic and related skin care products live higher and higher.3.14 Technological Environment AnalysisChanges in technology affect the products getable to consumers and business, the quality of the products and their functionality. (David Campbell, George Stonehouse and Bill Houston. 124).Todays society is constantly changing, technology updates means that the product updates, cosmetic update speed, short product life cycles, a cosmetics market, we should immediately manipulate for the next power point. As th e technology develops, people can be more channels to purchase products, business and customer contacts more and more ordinary. So technology is the enterprise competitive advantage.Along with the development of science and technology the latest scientific and technological achievements and advanced technologies rapidly apply in cosmetics industries, particularly biotechnology, millimicron technology, information technology, electronics technology, which provide a lot of opportunities for the development of cosmetics industry. LOreal has strong research and development (RD) capability, According to new technological development, the company registered 529 patents related to cosmetics and dermatology in 2005.(http//dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company )3.2 Five Forces AnalysisAccording to Porters five forces which determine the nature of competition within an industry. The five forces areThe threat of new entrants to the industryThe threat of replace productsThe power of buyers or customersThe power of suppliers (to business in the industry)Rivalry among businesses in the industry.Force 1 It is thought that because cosmetic industry needs products quality direction for safety, and large investments which including technology and a great deal of capital, it is difficult to enter the cosmetic industry. However, at present, there is few entrants can threat LOREAL.Force 2 By reason of many private cosmetics may contain a series of potentially toxic compounds, including artificial membrane. One research found cosmetics containing almost spices and xylene which easily lead to the abortion of pregnant women. Many facial cream are also contain compounds which similar with the role of female hormones. So the threat of substitutes is using pure natural products.Force 3 According to a survey commissioned by New Woman magazine and make in April 2006, the average woman is estimated to spend a staggering 182,528 on beauty products between the ages of 18 and 80. 5,000 women were questioned, (Anonymous, http//www.keynote.co.uk/kn2k1) eight in ten of whom said they wore make-up every day and almost half of whom admitted that they would not leave the house without it. So the power of buyers is very strong, which is very favorable to LOREAL.Force 4 LOREAL products were change in many large department stores or supermarkets. The suppliers are all have strong bargaining power. So LOral should develop a virtually partnership with suppliers, in order to sell products better.Force 5 The global cosmetics business is intensely competitive, with a few big corporations and a large arrive of small companies vying for market share. The company competes against global companies such as Avon, Este Lauder, Procter Gamble, Revlon, and a number of smaller companies as well. Of late, those bigger companies sharpened their focus on the market of beauty and personal care products. Increased competition may lead LOral to price reductions, reduced lettuce margins an d loss of market share.3.3 Strategic Space/Group AnalysisA business can rarely confine its analysis to the level of the industry and markets in which it operates. It must also counterbalance particular attention to its closest competitors who are known as its strategic group.PRICEBRANDING INTENSITYLOWHIGHLOWHIGHEste LauderAvonRevlonP GLOralFrom the strategy groups above, it is obviously that LOral has a high branding intensity and medium price, therefore compare with other competitor LOral has competitive advantage.3.4 Life Cycles AnalysisGenerally speaking, cosmetic products are in the maturity period of the product life cycle. In this period users tend to saturation and users repeat purchase reliance. In competitive condition competitor fight to maintain market share, but it is difficulty in gaining market share. All competitors emphasis on low cost (efficiency). LOral should pay attention to the quality of products and improve the packing, in order to keep old customers and so p up new customers.4. Opportunity and threat analysis over next 3-5 years4.1 OpportunitiesIt is thought that LOral faces the following opportunities and threats, these main changes will influence the companys planning over the next 3-5years.First of all, it is thought that the opportunity of LOREAL is aging population. The most developed countries are already highly aging society, aged 60 or older in the proportion of the population is above 15%, and for example the percentage of the US population who are over 55 years is forecast to increase from 20% in 2007 to 33% in 2027.(Anonymous, http//dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company ) This is likely to increase demand for anti-aging products. LOREAL successfully launched many anti-aging products in 2007, including RevitaLift Double Lifting, Collagen Filler, and Lancomes Renergie Morpholift. As aging nestling boomers attempt to preserve their looks through anti-aging products, LOREAL will not be short of opportunities.The second opport unity is proposed acquisition of Body Shop. As the rapidly growing of personal care products market, demand for the products is rising as consumers shift to products which are safer and more eco-friendly. The natural personal care products market is expected to grow at an yearbook rate of 12% a year, to reach an estimated $1 billion in 2010.(Anonymous, http//dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company) The proposed acquisition of the UK-based Body Shop International, a company founded by Anita Roddick that uses primarily organically-derived ingredients, would book LOREAL to capitalize on the growing demand for natural personal care products.Thirdly, the growth of India and China. LOREAL could offset weak performance in Western Europe by expanding its presence in fast-growing markets such as India and China. The company already has a presence in these two countries, whose economies are forecasted to grow at a high rate in the coming years. In 2007, the companys sales in China grew by 27 % while sales in India expanded by 46%.(Anonymous,http//dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company)Further expansion in China and India may help LOREAL overcome sluggish growth in Western Europe.4.2 ThreatsHoweverit is thought that there are three main threats which will influence LOREAL.Firstly, Economic crisis is a bad news for LOreal, The economic downturn will be a great chanllege for the development of LOrealThe secondly, the competition is intense in the market. The global cosmetics business is intensely competitive, with a few big corporations and a large number of small companies vying for market share. The company competes against global companies such as Revlon, Estee Lauder and Procter Gamble, (Anonymous, http//dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company ) in addition to a number of smaller companies. Recently, some big companies have sharpened their focus on beauty and personal care products market, as well as emerging markets. Increased competition could result in price reducti ons, reduced profit margins and loss of market share.The third one are new regulations. Several consumer protection groups are voicing concerns over the presence of harmful chemical ingredients in cosmetic products. A recent study showed that about one-third of cosmetic products contain known carcinogens.(http//dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company ) Due to increasing public pressure, in US the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is expected to impose stringent quality norms on cosmetic products.(Anonymous, http//dbic.datamonitor.com/companies/company ) New regulations may delay the launch of new products and result in higher product development expenditure, not to mention the possible effects of the adverse publicity generated by the new regulations.The last one is counterfeiting. The counterfeiting of popular cosmetic products has increased in recent years. Increasing sales of counterfeit products negatively impact the companys sale. Low quality counterfeits also reduce consumer self-assertion in the products of a company. More important, the companys key differentiator, exclusivity, is damaged by counterfeiting operations. Widespread counterfeits reduce the exclusiveness of the companys brands. Counterfeit products not only deprive the company of revenues, but also dilute the reputation of the brand.5. ConclusionAccording the discuss above, it is conclusion that among LOrals external environment, it is thought that the competition of cosmetic and fragrance market become more and more drastic, especially faced with strong competitors, and it is thought that there are opportunities and threats to LOral, the company should take advantage of these opportunities and to etain its status as the leader of cosmetic and fragrance industry.Word 1779

Letter to the Tommy Hilfiger Advertising Manager :: Advertising Marketing Business

Letter to the Tommy Hilfiger Advertising Manager Dear Tommy Hilfiger Advertising Manager, Just be you Im sure one experiences a bit of their own nostalgia at the sight of the following phrase anything from making new friends in preschool to being on a difficult job interview, scantily being yourself has always been said to be the best way to approach any uncomfortable situation. This is why an ad of yours that I have recently pull back up across has significantly astounded me. The ad that I speak of pictures a wad of sheep standing in front of an American flag (the obvious token for Tommy) and, displayed at the bottom, a slogan that reads follow the mickle. I was perplexed that a company of your stature and prestige would want anyone to just follow the flock. So I asked myself Would wearing Tommy Hilfiger really make me fit in? and Would I rather wear Tommy Hilfiger and be like the flock or would I rather be the individual I have been brought up to be. If the intention of the advertisement is to simply have everyone wearing your clothing line, then I tell your slogan suits this purpose, but being one who was targeted with this ad, I feel that your company should have gone with more of an individualistic approach.Although your ad may be order toward any number of age groups, it particularly had an effect on me. I have been wearing your clothing line for as far back as I can remember so I had to frown upon the thought that all these years I may have only been following the flock instead of being myself. Being an 18 year old who has recently embarked in my first year college, I have found it difficult affluent to stand out among a student body of well over 35,000. With the modern day misconception that the media has for what every man or woman should look like, individualisation is something that is not only hard to find, but also hard to keep. So as much as I have marveled over your clothing line for the past decade or so, I can honestly say that I will think twice before buying a dyad of your jeans over another.

Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper -- short story analysis

If a physician of high rest, and iodins own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression -- a slight hysterical tendency -- what is one to do? (Gilman). Many women in the 1800s and 1900s faced hardship when it came to standing up for themselves to their fathers, brothers and then husbands. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the narrator of the story, is married to physician, who rented a house for the summer to nurse her back to health after her husband think she has neurasthenia but real suffers from postpartum depression. He suggested the rest cure. She should not be doing any sort of mental of major physical activity, her only job was to relax and not worry just about anything. Charlotte was a writer and missed writing. The Yellow Wallpaper is significant to literature in the sense that, the author Charlotte Perkins Gilman addresses the issue of the rest cure that Dr. George Miller inflict for patients especia lly to women with neurasthenia, is ineffective and leads to severe depression. This paper in...